GUILHERME VANONI POLANCZYK
Projetos de Pesquisa
Unidades Organizacionais
Departamento de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina - Docente
LIM/23 - Laboratório de Psicopatologia e Terapêutica Psiquiátrica, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina - Líder
LIM/23 - Laboratório de Psicopatologia e Terapêutica Psiquiátrica, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina - Líder
15 resultados
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conferenceObject Associations between hair cortisol during pregnancy and methylation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulating genes in cord blood of Brazilian infants(2018) WILEY, K.; MIGUEL, E. C.; POLANCZYK, G. V.; EUCLYDES, V.; BRENTANI, H.bookPart Sistemas de classificação dos diagnósticos dos problemas de saúde mental na infância(2018) POLANCZYK, Guilherme Vanoni- Diagnostic operationalization and phenomenological heterogeneity in psychiatry: the case of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(2018) SALUM, Giovanni Abrahao; GADELHA, Ary; POLANCZYK, Guilherme Vanoni; MIGUEL, Euripedes Constantino; ROHDE, Luis AugustoIntroduction. We assessed the impact of polythetic conceptualizations of mental disorders on the validity and reliability of psychiatric diagnosis, with a specific focus on two levels of heterogeneity: phenomenological and pathophysiological. Objective. We investigated this issue using attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as an example. Method. We examined individuals from two samples enriched for psychopathology (n = 1 255 children in Porto Alegre and 1 257 children in Sao Paulo, Brazil). We conducted a series of data analyses to investigate phenomenological heterogeneity, including confirmatory factor analysis. We also investigated pathophysiological heterogeneity using symptom-level regressions between ADHD symptoms and four neurocognitive processes consistently linked to ADHD (working memory, inhibitory control, intra-subject variability in reaction times, and temporal processing). Lastly, we assessed the performance of polythetic systems for reliability testing inter-rater and test-rest reliability of two well-known symptomatic scales. Results. Among the 116 200 possible combinations of symptoms to achieve DSM symptomatic threshold for categorical ADHD diagnosis, we found 173 combinations in the two independent samples, and only four were replicated in both samples (2.3%). We also found that the number of ADHD symptoms is a poor indicator of variation in the general ADHD latent trait. Overall, symptoms did not have specific profiles of associations with any of the neurocognitive processes. Reliability analyses revealed that increasing the number of items augments overall reliability of measurements. Discussion and conclusion. Our findings illustrate both potential benefits and problems inherent to the polythetic system for ADHD. Implications for the search of mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders are discussed.
bookPart Transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade(2018) POLANCZYK, Guilherme Vanoni; ROHDE, Luis Augusto- Associations between abuse/neglect and ADHD from childhood to young adulthood: A prospective nationally-representative twin study(2018) STERN, Adi; AGNEW-BLAIS, Jessica; DANESE, Andrea; FISHER, Helen L.; JAFFEE, Sara R.; MATTHEWS, Timothy; POLANCZYK, Guilherme V.; ARSENEAULT, LouiseChild maltreatment has consistently been found to be associated with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the robustness of this association and the direction of the link between maltreatment and ADHD remain unclear. We used data from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a cohort of 2232 British twins, to investigate the associations between exposure to abuse/neglect and ADHD in childhood and in young adulthood, and to test their robustness and specificity. We also aimed to test longitudinal associations between abuse/neglect and ADHD from childhood to young adulthood, controlling for confounders. Results indicated strong associations between abuse/neglect and ADHD in childhood and also in young adulthood. In childhood, the association was concentrated among children with comorbid conduct disorder. Longitudinal analyses showed that childhood ADHD predicted abuse/neglect in later years. This association was again concentrated among individuals with comorbid conduct disorder. Abuse/neglect in childhood was not associated with later ADHD in young adulthood after adjusting for childhood ADHD. Our study does not provide support of a causal link between child abuse/neglect and adult ADHD but highlights the possibility of a long-term effect of disruptive behaviors on the risk for experiencing abuse/neglect. These findings emphasize the need for clinicians treating people with ADHD, especially those with comorbid conduct disorder, to be aware of their increased risk for experiencing abuse/neglect. Interventions aimed at reducing risks of abuse/neglect should also focus on the environment of individuals with disruptive behaviors.
- The association between psychotic experiences and traumatic life events: the role of the intention to harm(2018) MORIYAMA, Tais Silveira; DRUKKER, Marjan; GADELHA, Ary; PAN, Pedro Mario; SALUM, Giovanni Abrahao; MANFRO, Gisele Gus; MARI, Jair de Jesus; MIGUEL, Euripedes Constantino; ROHDE, Luis Augusto; POLANCZYK, Guilherme Vanoni; OS, Jim van; BRESSAN, Rodrigo AffonsecaBackground. Previous work showed traumatic life events (TLE) with intention to harm, like bullying and abuse, to be more strongly associated with psychotic experiences (PE) than other types of trauma, like accidents. However, this association is subject to reporting bias and can be confounded by demographic characteristics and by differences in dose of exposure across different trauma categories. We studied the association between TLE with and without intention to harm and PE, taking into account potential confounders and biases. Methods. A total of 2245 children and adolescents aged 6-14 years were interviewed by psychologists. The interview included the presence of 20 PE (both self-report and psychologist evaluation). In addition, parents provided information on child exposure to trauma, mental health and PE. Results. Results showed no significant association between TLE without intention to harm only and PE for the three methods of assessment of PE (self-report, parent report and psychologist rating). On the other hand, there was a positive association between PE and TLE in groups exposed to traumatic experiences with intention to harm (with intention to harm only and with and without intention to harm). Results remained significant after controlling for demographic and clinical confounders, but this positive association was no longer significant after adjusting for the number of TLE. Conclusions. TLE with intention to harm display a stronger association with PE than TLE without intention to harm, and this difference is likely reducible to a greater level of traumatic exposure associated with TLE with intention to harm.
bookPart Psicofarmacologia na primeira infância(2018) POLANCZYK, Guilherme Vanoni- Building the Evidence to Treat Preschoolers With ADHD in Real-Life Settings(2018) POLANCZYK, Guilherme V.
- Young adult mental health and functional outcomes among individuals with remitted, persistent and late-onset ADHD(2018) AGNEW-BLAIS, Jessica C.; POLANCZYK, Guilherme V.; DANESE, Andrea; WERTZ, Jasmin; MOFFITT, Terrie E.; ARSENEAULT, LouiseBackgroundAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with mental health problems and functional impairment across many domains. However, how the longitudinal course of ADHD affects later functioning remains unclear.AimsWe aimed to disentangle how ADHD developmental patterns are associated with young adult functioning.MethodThe Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study is a population-based cohort of 2232 twins born in England and Wales in 1994-1995. We assessed ADHD in childhood at ages 5, 7, 10 and 12 years and in young adulthood at age 18 years. We examined three developmental patterns of ADHD from childhood to young adulthood - remitted, persistent and late-onset ADHD - and compared these groups with one another and with non-ADHD controls on functioning at age 18 years. We additionally tested whether group differences were attributable to childhood IQ, childhood conduct disorder or familial factors shared between twins.ResultsCompared with individuals without ADHD, those with remitted ADHD showed poorer physical health and socioeconomic outcomes in young adulthood. Individuals with persistent or late-onset ADHD showed poorer functioning across all domains, including mental health, substance misuse, psychosocial, physical health and socioeconomic outcomes. Overall, these associations were not explained by childhood IQ, childhood conduct disorder or shared familial factors.ConclusionsLong-term associations of childhood ADHD with adverse physical health and socioeconomic outcomes underscore the need for early intervention. Young adult ADHD showed stronger associations with poorer mental health, substance misuse and psychosocial outcomes, emphasising the importance of identifying and treating adults with ADHD.Declaration of interestNone.
- Integrating child and adolescent psychiatry and the field of early childhood development(2018) POLANCZYK, Guilherme V.; FATORI, Daniel; MATIJASEVICH, Alicia