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- Endothelial Alterations in Aging(2018) WAJNGARTEN, M.; NUSSBACHER, A.; DOURADO, P. M. M.; CHAGAS, A. C. P.Age is an important modifying factor of endothelial structure and function in humans. Mechanisms involved in the reduction of age-related endothelium-dependent vasodilation are caused mainly by a primary alteration in the l-arginine-NO pathway. Oxidative stress in the arterial wall plays an important role in the elderly, as it compromises NO bioavailability. The compromise of endothelium-dependent vasodilation in hypertension appears to represent an acceleration of the changes seen in aging. Endothelial dysfunction contributes to making vascular aging a strong risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. On the other hand, experimental evidence suggests that dietary restriction stimulates preservation of vascular function through several mechanisms such as sirtuins, AMP kinase, insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1, and TOR kinase protein. However, controversies still remain as to how caloric restriction improves mitochondrial performance and whether this is sufficient to delay cell and age-dependent decline of the organism. © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.