MARINA LAZZARI NICOLA
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- Mucociliary clearance, airway inflammation and nasal symptoms in urban motorcyclists(2014) BRANT, Tereza C. S.; YOSHIDA, Carolina T.; CARVALHO, Tomas de S.; NICOLA, Marina L.; MARTINS, Jocimar A.; BRAGA, Lays M.; OLIVEIRA, Regiani C. de; LEYTON, Vilma; ANDRE, Carmen S. de; SALDIVA, Paulo H. N.; RUBIN, Bruce K.; NAKAGAWA, Naomi K.OBJECTIVES: There is evidence that outdoor workers exposed to high levels of air pollution exhibit airway inflammation and increased airway symptoms. We hypothesized that these workers would experience increased airway symptoms and decreased nasal mucociliary clearance associated with their exposure to air pollution. METHODS: In total, 25 non-smoking commercial motorcyclists, aged 18-44 years, were included in this study. These drivers work 8-12 hours per day, 5 days per week, driving on urban streets. Nasal mucociliary clearance was measured by the saccharine transit test; airway acidification was measured by assessing the pH of exhaled breath condensate; and airway symptoms were measured by the Sino-nasal Outcome Test-20 questionnaire. To assess personal air pollution exposure, the subjects used a passive-diffusion nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration-monitoring system during the 14 days before each assessment. The associations between NO2 and the airway outcomes were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test and the Chi-Square test. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01976039. RESULTS: Compared with clearance in healthy adult males, mucociliary clearance was decreased in 32% of the motorcyclists. Additionally, 64% of the motorcyclists had airway acidification and 92% experienced airway symptoms. The median personal NO2 exposure level was 75 mg/m(3) for these subjects and a significant association was observed between NO2 and impaired mucociliary clearance (p = 0.036). CONCLUSION: Non-smoking commercial motorcyclists exhibit increased airway symptoms and airway acidification as well as decreased nasal mucociliary clearance, all of which are significantly associated with the amount of exposure to air pollution.
- Young ""Healthy"" Smokers Have Functional and Inflammatory Changes in the Nasal and the Lower Airways(2014) NICOLA, Marina Lazzari; CARVALHO, Heraclito Barbosa de; YOSHIDA, Carolina Tieko; ANJOS, Fabyana Maria dos; NAKAO, Mayumi; SANTOS, Ubiratan de Paula; CARDOZO, Karina Helena Morais; CARVALHO, Valdemir Melechco; PINTO, Ernani; FARSKY, Sandra Helena Poliselli; SALDIVA, Paulo Hilario Nascimento; RUBIN, Bruce K.; NAKAGAWA, Naomi KondoBackground: Smoking is responsible for most COPD. Although people with COPD often have concomitant nasal disease, there are few studies that report physiologic or inflammatory changes in the upper airways in young asymptomatic smokers. We investigated physiologic and inflammatory changes in the nasal and lower airways of young smokers and if these changes were related to smoking history. Methods: Seventy-two subjects aged between 18 and 35 years (32 healthy nonsmokers and 40 young smokers) participated in this study. We measured nasal mucociliary clearance (MCC), nasal mucus surface contact angle, cell counts, myeloperoxidase and cytokine concentrations in nasal lavage fluid, exhaled breath condensate (EBC) pH, and lung function. Results: Smokers had faster MCC, an increased number of cells (macrophages, ciliated cells, and goblet cells), increased lavage myeloperoxidase concentration, and decreased EBC pH compared with nonsmokers. There was a significant inverse relationship between pack-year smoking history and EBC pH. There were no differences in lung function or mucus surface properties comparing smokers to nonsmokers. Conclusions: Young adult smokers have functional and inflammatory changes in the nasal and lower airways and these correlate with smoking history. However, in these young smokers, smoking history was not associated with pulmonary function decline, probably because it is unlikely that spirometry detects early physiologic changes in the airways.