ALEXANDRE ANDRADE LOCH
Projetos de Pesquisa
Unidades Organizacionais
Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina - Médico
LIM/27 - Laboratório de Neurociências, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina
LIM/27 - Laboratório de Neurociências, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina
9 resultados
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bookPart Pródromos da esquizofrenia(2021) LOCH, Alexandre Andrade- Ninety Years of Multiple Psychotic-Like and Spiritual Experiences in a Doctor Honoris Causa A Case Report and Literature Review(2021) DAMIANO, Rodolfo Furlan; MACHADO, Liliane; LOCH, Alexandre Andrade; MOREIRA-ALMEIDA, Alexander; MACHADO, LeonardoPsychotic experiences are common experiences shared by a considerable part of the world's population. Moreover, most of the individuals who report these experiences also report those called spiritual and dissociative phenomena. In specific culture and religious backgrounds, these experiences are frequently seen as a part of normal human experiences, usually called mediumship. We report a case of a famous Brazilian medium with 90 years of experiencing psychotic-like, dissociative and/or spiritual experiences, but coped well with the experiences and never sought psychiatric or psychological assistance. The medium received several honorific prizes, such as doctor honoris causa from different institutions, published more than 200 books, and ran a nonprofit organization that takes care of 5000 people daily. Finally, we review the literature on this topic and stress the urge for more research aiming to distinguish pathological and nonpathological psychotic experiences to avoid overmedicalization and iatrogenic treatments.
- Increased PLA(2) activity in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis(2021) TALIB, Leda L.; COSTA, Alana C.; JOAQUIM, Helena P. G.; PEREIRA, Cicero A. C.; BILT, Martinus T. van de; LOCH, Alexandre A.; GATTAZ, Wagner F.Phospholipase A(2) is the main enzyme in the metabolism of membrane phospholipids. It comprises a family of enzymes divided into iPLA(2), cPLA(2) and sPLA(2). Studies have reported increased PLA(2) activity in psychotic patients, which suggests an accelerated breakdown of membrane phospholipids. In the present study we investigated whether increased PLA(2) activity is also present in individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis. One-hundred fifty adults were included in this study (85 UHR and 65 controls). UHR was assessed using the ""structured interview for prodromal syndromes"". PLA(2) activity was determined in platelets by a radio-enzymatic assay. We found in UHR individuals increased activities of iPLA(2) (p < 0.001) and cPLA(2) (p = 0.012) as compared to controls. No correlations were found between socio-demographic and clinical parameters and PLA(2) activity. Our findings suggest that increased PLA(2) activities may be useful as a biological risk-marker for psychotic disorders.
- Addressing Mood Disorder Diagnosis' Stigma With an Honest, Open, Proud (HOP)-Based Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial(2021) MODELLI, Arlete; SETTI, Viviane P. Candal; BILT, Martinus Theodorus van de; GATTAZ, Wagner Farid; LOCH, Alexandre Andrade; ROSSLER, WulfIntroduction: The public stigma and self-stigma contribute to the dilemma of disclosing or not one's own mental illness diagnosis. Studies suggest that revealing it diminishes stress, besides helping with self-esteem. Honest, Open, Proud (HOP) is a group program that aids in the process of deciding on it, reducing its impact. Considering the relevance of this issue, the present study aimed to apply a HOP-based intervention in a group of patients diagnosed with mood disorders. Methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial was used, including 61 patients with mood disorders, of whom 31 were diagnosed with depression and 30 were diagnosed with bipolar disorder. They were randomly placed on the intervention (HOP) or the control group (unstructured psychoeducation). The evaluations occurred before (T0) and after (T1) the sessions. We administered eight scales, from which three presented relevant results: Coming Out with Mental Illness Scale (COMIS), Cognitive Appraisal of Stigma as a Stressor (CogApp), and Authenticity Scale. Results: The intervention groups (depression and bipolar) did not present a significant change regarding the decision to disclose their diagnostics. However, the depression group showed a decrease on the perception of stigma as a stressor (T0 = 0.50 vs. T1 = -1.45; p = 0.058). Improvements in post-intervention results were seen for both groups (depression and bipolar) on the Authenticity Scale-self-alienation subscale (T0 = 10.40 vs. T1 = 12.37, p = 0.058). Conclusion: Our HOP-based intervention appeared to be an important program to aid patients in facing stigma stress, showing positive effects, whether helping to diminish stress or to improve self-conscience, both of which have indirect effects on self-stigma. As it is a compact program, it can bring benefits when applying to public health institutions.
- Editorial: Stigma's Impact on People With Mental Illness: Advances in Understanding, Management, and Prevention(2021) LOCH, Alexandre Andrade; DIAZ, Alexandre Paim; PACHECO-PALHA, Antonio; WAINBERG, Milton L.; SILVA, Antonio Geraldo da; MALLOY-DINIZ, Leandro Fernandes
- Influence of migration on the thought process of individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis(2021) NOGUEIRA, Arthur S.; ANDRADE, Julio C.; SERPA, Mauricio H.; ALVES, Tania M.; FREITAS, Elder L.; HORTENCIO, Lucas; BILT, Martinus T. van de; ROSSLER, Wulf; GATTAZ, Wagner F.; LOCH, Alexandre A.Objective: To assess the influence of migration on the psychopathological presentation of individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR) in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Methods: This study is part of the Subclinical Symptoms and Prodromal Psychosis (SSAPP) project, a cohort study in Sao Paulo, Brazil, designed to follow individuals at UHR. After screening with the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ) and a clinical interview, the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) was administered, a neuropsychological assessment was performed, sociodemographic and migration data were obtained. We then analyzed UHR individuals who had migration data to see if migration had any effect on their cognition and psychopathology. Chi-square tests were used for categorical variables, and Student's t test or analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for nonparametric and parametric distributions, respectively. Results: The sample was composed of 42 at-risk subjects, of whom 5 had a migration history in the past two generations. Those with migration history showed significantly more formal thought disturbances (p = 0.012) and sleeping problems (p = 0.033) compared to those without. Conclusions: Our data reinforce migration as a risk factor for psychosis in developing countries as well, and highlights the importance of studying the specific effect of this factor in UHR psychopathology.Y
- Stigma toward individuals with mental disorders among Brazilian psychiatrists: a latent class analysis(2021) SILVA, Antonio G. da; LOCH, Alexandre A.; LEAL, Vanessa P.; SILVA, Paulo R. da; ROSA, Monike M.; BOMFIM, Ozeias da C.; MALLOY-DINIZ, Leandro F.; SCHWARZBOLD, Marcelo L.; DIAZ, Alexandre P.; PALHA, Antonio P.Objective: The stigma toward individuals with mental disorders is highly prevalent, not only in the general population but among health care providers as well. The aim of this study was to identify subgroups based on stigmatizing beliefs related to psychiatric disorders among Brazilian psychiatrists, as well as to investigate their association with clinical and personality characteristics. Methods: Latent cluster analysis was used to find subgroups of cases in multivariate data according to a psychotic (schizophrenia) and a nonpsychotic disorder (attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder). The clusters for each psychiatric disorder were compared according to sociodemographic, emotional traits, and personality characteristics. Results: A total of 779 psychiatrists answered the questionnaire. Three different subgroups of stigma levels were identified regarding schizophrenia: the highest (n=202 [51.7%]), intermediate (108 [27.6%]), and the lowest (81 [20.7%]). Participants from the highest stigma group had a significantly longer time since graduation, higher anxiety-state scores, and lower positive affect. Two subgroups were identified with respect to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, although there were no differences between them in sociodemographic or clinical variables. Conclusion: There were more subgroups of stigmatizing beliefs regarding psychotic disorders. Individual characteristics, such as those related to trait anxiety and affect, can be associated with high stigma toward schizophrenia.
bookPart A evolução dos conceitos em psiquiatria(2021) LOCH, Alexandre Andrade; WANG, Yuan-Pang- Translation and validation of the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes (SIPS) to Portuguese(2021) DINIZ, Gabriel N.; SANTOS, Pedro A. M. F.; ANDRADE, Julio C.; ALVES, Tania M.; HORTENCIO, Lucas; BILT, Martinus T. van de; ROESSLER, Wulf; GATTAZ, Wagner F.; LOCH, Alexandre A.