Nutraceuticals to prevent thrombogenesis and its application to women's health
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bookPart
Data de publicação
2013
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NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC.
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Citação
Subbiah, M. T. R.; Bydlowski, S. P.; Maselli, L.. Nutraceuticals to prevent thrombogenesis and its application to women's health. In: . NUTRIGENOMICS: APPLICATION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF NUTRACEUTICALS AND COSMECEUTICALS: NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC., 2013. p.71-92.
Resumo
Thrombosis plays an important role in diseases affecting the arterial and venous vascular systems and substantially contributes to morbidity and mortality in Western countries. The etiology of both arterial and venous thrombosis is complex and involves environmental and genetic factors. Atherothrombosis represents an advanced stage of atherosclerosis in which plaque rupture or erosion trigger increased clotting activity, leading to the formation of an arterial thrombus. Platelets play a pivotal role in the development of atherosclerosis. This important contribution of platelets is strengthened by the observed benefits of antiplatelet agents like aspirin and clopidogrel in primary and secondary therapy of atherothrombotic disorders. Advances in human genome project have enabled scientific investigators to identify a number of mutations in genes that increase the risk of thrombosis. These genetic tests are routinely carried out in the laboratory to identify individuals that may have increased risk for thrombosis and they come under the 'thrombophilic panel' of tests. There are some issues unique to women' health that deserves increased attention for the risk of thrombosis. Oral contraceptive use in women is associated with increased risk of deep vein thrombosis and stroke and risk is even greater for those women with prothrombin and factor V Leiden mutations. Similarly, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal has also indicated the negative effects on the risk of stroke and venous thrombosis. Women's Health Initiative (WHI) trial using estrogen plus progestin reported a doubling of the risk of stroke and venous thrombosis. These observations provide opportunities to develop nutraceuticals to reduce the activity of platelets and the risk of thrombosis. Antioxidants, procyanidins from guarana (paulinnia cupana), polyphenols from grape and other berries, green tea and garlic phytochemicals are being explored to as nutraceuticals to combat thrombosis. Such nutraceuticals may play a preventive role as dietary supplements, especially in women taking oral contraceptives in reproductive years or hormone replacement therapy in menopause. © 2013 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Palavras-chave
ω3 fatty acids, Allicin, Anti-platelet aggregation agents, Antioxidants, Atherothrombosis, Caffeine, Catechin, Coronary heart disease, Echistatin, Epicatechin, Factor V leiden mutation, Folic acid, Genetic tests, Guarana, Hormone replacement therapy, Hyperhomocysteinemia, Methylene tetrahydofolate reductase, Plasminogen activator-inhibitor-1, Platelet aggregation, Polyphenols, Protein C, Protein S, Prothrombin mutation, Thrombin, Thrombogenic panel, Thromboxane A2, Thromboxane B2, Venous thrombosis, Women's health
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