Are prematurity and environmental factors determinants for developing childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus?

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18
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article
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2018
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TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
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MODERN RHEUMATOLOGY, v.28, n.1, p.156-160, 2018
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Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of exposure to air pollutants and inhalable environmental elements during pregnancy and after birth until childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus(cSLE) diagnosis. Methods: This case-control study comprised 30 cSLE patients and 86 healthy controls living in the Sao Paulo metropolitan area. A structured and reliable questionnaire (kappa index for test-retest was 0.78) assessed demographic data, gestational and perinatal-related-factors, and exposure to inhalable particles and/or volatile vapor, and/or tobacco, as well as, the presence of industrial activities or gas stations near the home/work/daycare/school). Tropospheric pollutants included: particulate matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O-3) and carbon monoxide (CO). Results: The median current age was similar between cSLE patients and healthy controls [16.0 (5-21) versus 15.0 (4-21) years, p = .32], likewise the frequency of female gender (87% versus 78%, p = .43). The frequencies of prematurity (30% versus 6%, p = .001), maternal occupational exposure during pregnancy (59% versus 12%, p < .001), exposure to volatile vapor (48% versus 8%, p < .001) and fetal smoking (maternal and/or secondhand) (37% versus 19%, p = .008) were significantly higher in cSLE patients compared with controls. In a multivariate analysis regarding the gestation period, maternal occupational exposure (OR 13.5, 95% CI 2.5-72.4, p = .002), fetal smoking (OR 8.6, 95% CI 1.6-47, p = .013) and prematurity (OR 15.8, 95% CI 1.9-135.3, p = .012) remained risk factors for cSLE development. Furthermore, exposure to secondhand smoking during pregnancy and after birth (OR 9.1, 95% CI 1.8-42.1, p = .002) was also a risk factor for cSLE development. Conclusions: Prematurity and environmental factors were risk factors for developing cSLE.
Palavras-chave
Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus, environmental factor, smoking, air pollution, maternal occupational exposure
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