Artigos e Materiais de Revistas Científicas - FM/MDT

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A coleção de Artigos e Materiais de Revistas Científicas engloba artigos originais, artigos de revisão, artigos de atualização, artigos técnicos, relatos de experiências, resenhas, ensaios, editoriais, cartas ao editor, debates, notas científicas e técnicas, depoimentos, entrevistas e pontos de vista. Consideram-se como artigos científicos originais os trabalhos redigidos para divulgação de informações e resultados sobre determinada pesquisa científica, publicados em periódico científico após avaliação por outros pesquisadores.

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Real-world clinical, psychosocial and economic burden of atopic dermatitis: Results from a multicountry study
(2024) EYERICH, Kilian; GOODERHAM, Melinda J.; SILVESTRE, Juan Francisco; SHUMACK, Stephen P.; MENDES-BASTOS, Pedro; AOKI, Valeria; ORTONCELLI, Michela; SILVERBERG, Jonathan I.; TEIXEIRA, Henrique D.; CHEN, Shirley H.; CALIMLIM, Brian M.; TAKEMOTO, Shunya; SANCHO, Cristina; FRITZ, Bjoern; IRVINE, Alan D.
Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD), a relapsing, inflammatory skin disease, is associated with pruritus that can negatively affect patients' quality of life. Understanding the burden of AD is critical for informing and tailoring treatment and disease management to improve patient outcomes. This study characterized global treatment patterns and the clinical, psychosocial and economic burden of moderate- to-severe AD. Methods: MEASURE- AD was a cross-sectional 28-country study in patients with physician-confirmed moderate- to-severe AD who were either receiving or eligible for systemic therapy for AD. Patients =12 years were enrolled between December 2019 and December 2020 while attending routine office or clinic visit. Primary out-comes included Worst Pruritus Numeric Rating Scale (WP- NRS; range: 0- 10) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI; range: 0- 30) and Childrens DLQI (CDLQI; range: 0- 30). Secondary outcomes included physician-and patient-reported clinical, psychosocial and economic burden.Results: Of the 1591 patients enrolled, 1558 (1434 adults and 124 adolescents) ful-filled all patient selection criteria and were included in this analysis. Almost all patients (98.4%) in the total population were using AD medications and more than half (56%) were receiving systemic medication (15% systemic monotherapy). The most used systemic therapies were dupilumab (56.3%), systemic glucocorticoids (18.1%) and methotrexate (16.2%). Mean WP- NRS was 5.3 in the total population, and most patients (= 55%) reported moderate- to-severe pruritus (WP-NRS = 4). Mean DLQI was 10.8 and mean CDLQI was 9.6. Secondary endpoints demonstrated substantial clinical, psychosocial, and economic burden of disease. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that patients receiving systemic therapy had lower disease burden than those not taking systemic medications.Conclusions: While systemic therapy lowers overall disease burden, patients with moderate- to-severe AD continue to have substantial multidimensional disease bur-den and uncontrolled disease. Overall, there is a need for effective disease management, including effective treatments that improve patients' psychosocial outcomes and reduce the economic burden of AD.
Delusional infestation treated with risperidone: a series of 27 patients
(2024) GUEDES, Nycolle L. K. O.; DWAN, Alexandre J.; GERLERO, Paula; NICO, Marcello M. S.
Background Patients with delusional infestation (DI) frequently refuse to be treated with psychoactive drugs. In the past, pimozide was commonly used as a first-line agent but is now prescribed more rarely. Risperidone was first used to treat DI in 1995. A recent review identified 12 studies that evaluated the use of risperidone in 43 patients with DI.Objectives To study the characteristics of and therapeutic results in patients with DI treated with risperidone at a university medical centre in Sao Paulo, Brazil.Methods We performed a retrospective study of patients with DI treated with risperidone at a dermatological university clinic since 2016. Records were reviewed for personal data and findings related to treatment.Results Twenty-seven patients were studied (20 women and 7 men). The maintenance dose of risperidone varied from 1 mg three times weekly to 8 mg daily. Control of symptoms was achieved in the majority of patients. A reduction in dosage due to side-effects was seen in four patients; risperidone had to be switched to another antipsychotic in three cases, despite a good response. Only one patient did not respond to risperidone.Conclusions Risperidone is an effective, well-tolerated and safe treatment for delusional parasitosis. Adequate follow-up is mandatory in order to obtain long-term control of symptoms. Patients with delusional infestation (DI) frequently refuse to be treated with psychoactive drugs. Risperidone was first used to treat DI in 1995. A recent review identified 12 studies evaluating risperidone, with a total of 43 patients with DI. We studied the characteristics and therapeutic results in 27 patients with DI treated with risperidone in a university medical centre in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Control of symptoms was achieved in the majority. Risperidone is an effective, well-tolerated and safe treatment for DI. Adequate follow-up is mandatory to obtain long-term control of symptoms.
Histopathologic findings in ointment pseudo-cheilitis: An alert to dermatopathologists
(2024) NICO, Marcello Menta Simonsen; SIERRA, Jose Ollague; MOYA, Fernanda Goncalves; LOURENCO, Silvia Vanessa
Ointment pseudo-cheilitis is a recently recognized distinctive type of self-induced cheilitis. Lesions consist of a variable amount of crusts adhered to the vermilion. These crusts consist of dried saliva and dead cells mixed with applied medications attached to the lip surface. Patients are typically severely anxious or depressed; the condition impacts quality of life. Ointment pseudo-cheilitis is frequently misdiagnosed as exfoliative cheilitis or cheilitis glandularis. Biopsy reports are often non-revealing because there are no established histopathological criteria for this disease, and clinicians usually do not formulate the correct diagnostic hypothesis. Here, we present the histopathological findings of four cases of ointment pseudo-cheilitis. The most consistent finding was the presence of laminated parakeratotic material detached from the epithelium in biopsies that are devoid of other significant diagnostic changes. This material at the lip surface possibly represents physiologic labial desquamation mixed with dried saliva and applied medication. With this report, we intend to alert dermatopathologists to the diagnosis of ointment pseudo-cheilitis if they receive biopsies from patients who present clinically exuberant labial lesions that show only minimal histopathological changes.
Could Cesarean Delivery Help Prevent Mother-to-Child Transmission of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1?
(2023) PRATES, Gabriela; PAIVA, Arthur; HAZIOT, Michel E.; FONSECA, Luiz Augusto M.; SMID, Jerusa; MARCUSSO, Rosa Maria do N.; ASSONE, Tatiane; OLIVEIRA, Augusto. C. P. de; CASSEB, Jorge
Background. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is an important route of transmission that can cause lifelong infection. There is high morbidity and mortality due to adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM), and other inflammatory disorders. These conditions develop in nearly 10% of people with HTLV-1 infection, with a higher risk if infection occurs early in life. Identification of risk factors can inform targeted measures to reduce HTLV-1 MTCT. This study aimed to investigate the potential of cesarean delivery to prevent HTLV-1 MTCT. Methods. We performed a review of the cases of women and their offspring under regular follow-up at the HTLV-1 outpatient clinic at the Institute of Infectious Diseases Emilio Ribas. Results. A total of 177 HTLV-1-infected women and 369 adult offspring were investigated. Overall, 15% of the children were positive for HTLV-1 and 85% were negative. Regarding vertical transmission, we found that a breastfeeding duration of >6 months was associated with MTCT. Moreover, maternal proviral load was not associated with transmission, but high educational level and cesarean delivery were identified as protective factors. Conclusions. HTLV-1 MTCT was associated with mother's age at delivery of >25 years, low educational level, prolonged breastfeeding, and vaginal delivery.
Challenges, Characteristics, and Outcomes of Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis: A 11-Year Experience in A Middle-Income Country
(2023) OLIVEIRA, Vitor Falcao de; VIANA, Joshua Araujo; SAWAMURA, Marcio Valente Yamada; MAGRI, Adriana Satie Goncalves Kono; BENARD, Gil; COSTA, Andre Nathan; ABDALA, Edson; MARIANI, Alessandro Wasum; MAGRI, Marcello Mihailenko Chaves
Objectives Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a research priority in fungal diseases with a need for new studies to reduce misdiagnosis with more common diseases, discuss improvement in diagnostic methods and better characterize gaps in antifungal and surgical treatments to improve clinical outcomes. Methods In this retrospective study, we reviewed medical records of patients diagnosed with CPA from January 2010 to June 2021 at University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. We evaluated clinical characteristics, radiological findings, serology, treatment, and outcomes. Results The study included 91 participants, with 43 (47.3%) patients who underwent surgery and 69 (75.8%) received antifungal therapy. We found a predominance of middle-aged adults (median 51 years), males (n = 58, 64%) with lower BMI (median 21.3 kg/m(2)). The most common underlying lung disease was pulmonary tuberculosis (n = 70, 76.9%). The commonest symptoms were cough (n = 67, 74%), haemoptysis, and dyspnea (n = 63, 70%). The most common chest computerized tomography abnormalities were cavity (n = 86, 94.5%), with a predominance of mycetomas (n = 78, 91%). The serology was positive in 81% (61/75). The one-year mortality was low (3.3%). Clinical improvement and stability occurred in 89% of participants for constitucional symptoms and 86% for pulmonary symptoms. While serological improvement and stability occurred in 71%. Radiological improvement and stability occurred in 75%. Conclusion We observed a good outcome after 1-year follow-up, in which the majority had improvement or stability of pulmonary and constitutional symptoms, decrease in CIE titers and low mortality.
Evaluation of the New Multi-HTLV Serological Assay: Improvement for HTLV-2 Detection
(2024) FOLGOSI, Victor Angelo; KONMINAKIS, Shirley Vasconcelos; SILVA, Felipe Dias da; LEITE JUNIOR, Pedro Domingos; HAZIOT, Michel Elyas Jung; OLIVEIRA, Augusto C. P.; SMID, Jerusa; ZREIN, Maan; SALVADOR, Florent; CASSEB, Jorge
Despite the accuracy of confirmatory tests for the diagnosis of human T cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV), inconclusive or false-negative results still occur when diagnosing human T cell lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2)-positive patients. The goal of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and accuracy of a confirmatory immunoassay, the Multi-HTLV assay. A total of 246 plasma samples were tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and used to calculate the sensitivity and typing accuracy of the Multi-HTLV assay. Of the 246 plasma samples, 127 were positive for human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), 112 were positive for HTLV-2, and 7 were positive for both HTLV-1 and HTLV-2. Thereafter, the nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to calculate the concordance between the qPCR test and Multi-HTLV assay in 12 samples with discrepant and inconclusive qPCR results. The Multi-HTLV assay showed high performance in identifying HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 with sensitivities of 97% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.92-0.98] and 94% (0.87-0.96), respectively. However, due to typing performance (98% for HTLV-1 and 94% for HTLV-2), it had 95% agreement with positive HTLV-1 qPCR results (95% CI: 90.07-97.81) and 86% (78.04-91.01) of HTLV-2 qPCR results were positive. Moreover, this test was able to recognize 80% of indeterminate samples and all HTLV-2 positive samples that showed false-negative qPCR results. Our findings, derived from a substantial number of HTLV-positive samples, underscore the inherent reliability and feasibility of the Multi-HTLV assay, regardless of the molecular testing facilities. Furthermore, the distinctive multiparametric nature of this assay, combined with its straightforward procedural execution, introduces novel perspectives for analyzing specific serological profiles in each patient, as well as the potential for immunological monitoring of disease progression.
HTLV-1 in Brazil: epidemiological scenario in the highest endemic country in the world
(2023) ASSONE, Tatiane; CASSEB, Jorge
Can Persistent Infections with Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Be Eradicated?
(2024) TEIXEIRA, Sandy Vieira; PRATES, Gabriela; FONSECA, Luiz Augusto Marcondes; CASSEB, Jorge
Persistent viruses are hard to be eradicated, even using effective medications, and can persist for a long time in humans, sometimes regardless of treatment. Hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and human T cell lymphotropic virus infections, the most common in our era, are still a challenge despite the increased knowledge about their biology. Most of them are highly pathogenic, some causing acute disease or, more often, leading to chronic persistent infections, and some of the occult, carrying a high risk of morbidity and mortality. However, if such infections were discovered early, they might be eradicated in the near future with effective medications and/or vaccines. This perspective review points out some specific characteristics of the most important chronic persistent viruses. It seems that in the next few years, these persistent viruses may have control by vaccination, epidemiological strategies, and/or treatment.
Correlation of clinical, histopathologic, and direct immunofluorescence findings in lesional and nonlesional scalp of frontal fibrosing alopecia and lichen planopilaris – An observational study
(2023) DOCHE, I.; VALENTE, N.; SOTTO, M. N.; RIVITTI-MACHADO, M. C.; AOKI, V.; GERLERO, P.; HORDINSKY, M. K.
Are dogs not susceptible to retroviral infections?
(2023) CASSEB, J.; CAMPOS, J. H.; LOPES, L. R.
Retroviruses have been proven to cause infections and diseases in a series of mammalian hosts but not in dogs. Then, this letter discussed the dog susceptibility to retrovirus infection, encompassing arguments to understand why dogs may have not been infected by retroviruses thus far. The potential resistance of retrovirus in dogs enables this provocative short communication to discuss this question, looking at some evolutive aspects. The lineage of canids has shown, throughout its evolutionary history, a smaller accumulation of retroviruses in canid genomes, classified as endogenous retroviruses. In this context, the genomes of canids seem to offer obstacles, which have been evolutionarily conserved, in the face of retroviral infection.
Autoimmune diseases related to post-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: A rheumatology perspective
(2023) DADGAR, F.; CASSEB, J.; KEIKHA, M.
Chromoblastomycosis: New Perspective on Adjuvant Treatment with Acitretin
(2023) JR, Walter Belda; PASSERO, Luiz Felipe Domingues; CARVALHO, Caroline Heleno Chagas de; MOJICA, Paula Celeste Rubiano; VALE, Pablo Andrade
Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a neglected human disease, caused by different species of pigmented dematiaceous fungi that cause granulomatous and suppurative dermatosis. This infection is difficult to treat and there are limited therapeutic options, including terbinafine, itraconazole, and tioconazole. Classic treatment is administered for a long period of time, but some patients do not respond properly, and therefore, such therapeutic approaches possess low cure rates. Therefore, it is vital to develop new strategies for the treatment of CBM. In this regard, it has been observed that the association of immunomodulatory molecules such as glucan with therapy carried out with antifungal drugs improves cutaneous lesions in comparison to treatment with antifungal drugs alone, suggesting that drug association may be an interesting and significant approach to incorporate into CBM therapy. Thus, the aim of this work was to associate classical antifungal therapy with the adjuvants imiquimod and acitretin. In the present case, we reported a patient with extensive CBM caused by Fonsaecae pedrosoi, that affected an extensive area of the right leg, that was left without treatment for 11 years. He was treated with a classical combination of itraconazole and terbinafine via the oral route plus topical imiquimod and oral acitretin, as an adjuvant therapy. After five months of treatment, a significant regression of verrucous plaques was observed, suggesting that the use of these adjuvants combined with the classical antifungal drugs, intraconazole plus terbinafine, can reduce treatment time and rapidly improve the patient's quality of life. This result confirms that the use of coadjuvant drugs may be effective in the treatment of this infectious disease.
New Immunological Markers in Chromoblastomycosis-The Importance of PD-1 and PD-L1 Molecules in Human Infection
(2023) CAVALLONE, Italo N.; JR, Walter Belda; CARVALHO, Caroline Heleno C. de; LAURENTI, Marcia D.; PASSERO, Luiz Felipe D.
The pathogenesis of chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is associated with Th2 and/or T regulatory immune responses, while resistance is associated with a Th1 response. However, even in the presence of IFN-gamma, fungi persist in the lesions, and the reason for this persistence is unknown. To clarify the factors associated with pathogenesis, this study aimed to determine the polarization of the cellular immune response and the densities of cells that express markers of exhaustion in the skin of CBM patients. In the skin of patients with CBM, a moderate inflammatory infiltrate was observed, characterized primarily by the occurrence of histiocytes. Analysis of fungal density allowed us to divide patients into groups that exhibited low and high fungal densities; however, the intensity of the inflammatory response was not related to mycotic loads. Furthermore, patients with CBM exhibited a significant increase in the number of CD4+ and CD8+ cells associated with a high density of IL-10-, IL-17-, and IFN-gamma-producing cells, indicating the presence of a chronic and mixed cellular immune response, which was also independent of fungal load. A significant increase in the number of PD-1+ and PD-L1+ cells was observed, which may be associated with the maintenance of the fungus in the skin and the progression of the disease.
Imiquimod chemoprophylaxis for field cancerization in xeroderma pigmentosum patients-A prospective study
(2023) ROCHA, Lilian Kelly Faria Licariao; FERREIRA, Paula; GIANOTTI, Marcelo A.; AVANCINI, Joao; MENCK, Carlos F. M.; CASTRO, Ligia P.; OLIVEIRA, Zilda Najjar Prado de; RIVITTI, Maria C.; SAMORANO, Luciana P.; PEREIRA, Naiura Vieira; FESTA NETO, Cyro
Can COVID-19 impact the natural history of paracoccidioidomycosis? Insights from an atypical chronic form of the mycosis
(2023) SOUZA, Cesar Augusto Tomaz de; PONCE, Cesar Cilento; KLAUTAU, Gisele Burlamaqui; MARQUES, Nathan Costa; QUEIROZ, Wladimir; PATZINA, Rosely Antunes; BENARD, Gil; LINDOSO, Jose Angelo Lauletta
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic fungal infection caused by Paracoccidioides spp. It can occur as an acute/subacute form (A/SAF), a chronic form (CF) and rarely as a mixed form combining the features of the two aforementioned forms in an immunocompromised patient. Here, we report a 56-year-old male patient with CF-PCM who presented with atypical manifestations, including the development of an initial esophageal ulcer, followed by central nervous system (CNS) lesions and cervical and abdominal lymphatic involvement concomitant with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. He was HIV-negative and had no other signs of previous immunodeficiency. Biopsy of the ulcer confirmed its mycotic etiology. He was hospitalized for treatment of COVID-19 and required supplemental oxygen in the intensive unit. The patient recovered without the need for invasive ventilatory support. Investigation of the extent of disease during hospitalization revealed severe lymphatic involvement typical of A/SAF, although the patient`s long history of high-risk exposure to PCM, and lung involvement typical of the CF. Esophageal involvement is rare in non-immunosuppressed PCM patients. CNS involvement is also rare. We suggest that the immunological imbalance caused by the severe COVID-19 infection may have contributed to the patient developing atypical severe CF, which resembles the PCM mixed form of immunosuppressed patients. Severe COVID-19 infection is known to impair the cell-mediated immune response, including the antiviral response, through T-lymphopenia, decreased NK cell counts and T-cell exhaustion. We hypothesize that these alterations would also impair antifungal defenses. Our case highlights the potential influence of COVID-19 on the course of PCM. Fortunately, the patient was timely treated for both diseases, evolving favorably.
Aryl-hydrocarbon receptor agonist: A novel topical therapeutic approach for inflammatory skin diseases
(2023) AOKI, Valeria; ORFALI, Raquel Leao
A common variant close to the ""tripwire"" linker region of NLRP1 contributes to severe COVID-19
(2023) LEAL, Vinicius N. C.; PAULINO, Leandro M.; CAMBUI, Raylane A. G.; ZUPELLI, Thiago G.; YAMADA, Suemy M.; OLIVEIRA, Leonardo A. T.; DUTRA, Valeria de F.; BUB, Carolina B.; SAKASHITA, Araci M.; YOKOYAMA, Ana Paula H.; KUTNER, Jose M.; VIEIRA, Camila A.; SANTIAGO, Wellyngton M. de S.; ANDRADE, Milena M. S.; TEIXEIRA, Franciane M. E.; ALBERCA, Ricardo W.; GOZZI-SILVA, Sarah C.; YENDO, Tatiana M.; NETTO, Lucas C.; DUARTE, Alberto J. S.; SATO, Maria N.; VENTURINI, James; PONTILLO, Alessandra
Objective and design The heterogeneity of response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is directly linked to the individual genetic background. Genetic variants of inflammasome-related genes have been pointed as risk factors for several inflammatory sterile and infectious disease. In the group of inflammasome receptors, NLRP1 stands out as a good novel candidate as severity factor for COVID-19 disease. Methods To address this question, we performed an association study of NLRP1, DPP9, CARD8, IL1B, and IL18 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in a cohort of 945 COVID-19 patients. Results The NLRP1 p.Leu155His in the linker region, target of viral protease, was significantly associated to COVID-19 severity, which could contribute to the excessive cytokine release reported in severe cases. Conclusion Inflammasome genetic background contributes to individual response to SARS-CoV-2.
Consensus on the therapeutic management of atopic dermatitis - Brazilian Society of Dermatology: an update on phototherapy and systemic therapy using e-Delphi technique
(2023) ORFALI, Raquel Leao; LORENZINI, Daniel; BRESSAN, Aline; TANAKA, Anber Ancel; CERQUEIRA, Ana Maria Mosca de; HIRAYAMA, Andre da Silva; RAMOS, Andrea Machado Coelho; PROENCA, Carolina Contin; SILVA, Claudia Marcia de Resende; LACZYNSKI, Cristina Marta Maria; CARNEIRO, Francisca Regina; DUARTE, Gleison; HANS FILHO, Gunter; GONCALVES, Heitor de Sa; MELO, Ligia Pessoa de; AZULAY-ABULAFIA, Luna; WEBER, Magda Blessmann; RIVITTI-MACHADO, Maria Cecilia; ZANIBONI, Mariana Colombini; OGAWA, Marilia; PIRES, Mario Cezar; IANHEZ, Mayra; FELIX, Paulo Antonio Oldani; BONAMIGO, Renan; TAKAOKA, Roberto; LAZZARINI, Rosana; CESTARI, Silmara; MAYOR, Silvia Assumpcao Soutto; CESTARI, Tania; OLIVEIRA, Zilda Najjar Prado de; SPULS, Phyllis I.; GERBENS, Louise A. A.; AOKI, Valeria
This publication is an update of the ""Consensus on the therapeutic management of atopic dermatitis - Brazilian Society of Dermatology"" published in 2019, considering the novel, targeted-oriented systemic therapies for atopic dermatitis. The initial recommendations of the current consensus for systemic treatment of patients with atopic dermatitis were based on a recent review of scientific published data and a consensus was reached after voting. The Brazilian Society of Dermatology invited 31 experts from all regions of Brazil and 2 international experts on atopic dermatitis who fully contributed to the process. The methods included an e-Delphi study to avoid bias, a literature search and a final consensus meeting. The authors added novel approved drugs in Brazil and the indication for phototherapy and systemic therapy for AD. The therapeutical response to systemic treatment is hereby reported in a suitable form for clinical practice and is also part of this updated manuscript. (c) 2023 Sociedade Brasileira de Dermatologia.
Low CCL2 and CXCL8 Production and High Prevalence of Allergies in Children with Microcephaly Due to Congenital Zika Syndrome
(2023) BEZERRA, Wallace Pitanga; SALMERON, Amanda Costa Ayres; BRANCO, Anna Claudia Calvielli Castelo; MORAIS, Ingryd Camara; SALES, Valeria Soraya de Farias; MACHADO, Paula Renata Lima; SOUTO, Janeusa Trindade; ARAUJO, Joselio Maria Galvao de; GUEDES, Paulo Marcos da Matta; SATO, Maria Notomi; NASCIMENTO, Manuela Sales Lima
Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) is associated with an increased risk of microcephaly in affected children. This study investigated the peripheral dysregulation of immune mediators in children with microcephaly due to CZS. Gene expression quantified by qPCR in whole blood samples showed an increase in IFN gamma and IL-13 transcripts in children affected with microcephaly compared to the control group. The microcephaly group exhibited significantly decreased CCL2 and CXCL8 levels in serum, quantified by CBA assay. An allergic profile questionnaire revealed a high prevalence of allergies in the microcephaly group. In accordance, elevated serum IgE level measured by the Proquantum Immunoassay was observed in children affected with microcephaly compared to the control group. Altogether, these findings show a persistent systemic inflammation in children with microcephaly due to CZS and suggest a possible impairment in leukocyte migration caused by low production of CCL2 and CXCL8, in addition to high levels of IgE associated with high prevalence of allergies. The dysregulation of inflammatory genes and chemokines underscores the importance of understanding the immunological characteristics of CZS. Further investigation into the long-term consequences of systemic inflammation in these children is crucial for developing appropriate therapeutic strategies and tailored vaccination protocols.
IgG from patients with mild or severe COVID-19 reduces the frequency and modulates the function of peripheral mucosal-associated invariant T cells in PBMCs from healthy individuals
(2023) MACHADO, Nicolle Rakanidis; FAGUNDES, Beatriz Oliveira; FERNANDES, Iara Grigoletto; RECHE, Daniela Terra De Apoena; SATO, Maria Notomi; VICTOR, Jefferson Russo
Lower levels of peripheral mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells have been observed in the peripheral blood of patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Following on from previous research into the effect of the IgG repertoire on human lymphocytes, the present study aimed to evaluate if immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies obtained from patients with mild or severe COVID-19 contribute to these effects on MAIT cells. Culture experiments were performed using healthy human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and different repertoires of IgG obtained from patients with COVID-19 as a mild or severe disease and compared with mock, healthy control or therapeutic IgG conditions. The results indicate that the IgG repertoire induced during the development of mild and severe COVID-19 has, per se, the in vitro potential to reduce the frequency of MAIT cells and the production of IFN-gamma by the MAIT cell population in PBMCs from healthy individuals. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that IgG in patients with severe COVID-19 may participate in the reduction of peripheral MAIT cell frequency and hinder the antiviral activity of these cells.

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