ODS/15 - Vida terrestre
URI Permanente desta comunidade
Objetivo: Proteger, recuperar e promover o uso sustentável dos ecossistemas terrestres, gerir de forma sustentável as florestas, combater a desertificação, deter e reverter a degradação da terra e deter a perda de biodiversidade.
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- ODS/15 - Vida terrestre
- ODS/15 - Vida terrestre
- ODS/15 - Vida terrestre
Submissões Recentes
Fast and cost-effective protocol to produce Paracoccidioides spp. antigens
(2023) FERNANDES-BERALDO, Karolina Rosa; FREITAS-XAVIER, Roseli Santos de; PARDINI-VICENTINI, Adriana
Introduction. The existing methods for Paracoccidioides spp. antigen production are problematic in terms of standardization, specificity, stability, repeatability, and reproducibility.Objective. To optimize the methodology for Paracoccidioides spp. antigen production and evaluate its applicability in paracoccidioidomycosis immunodiagnosis.Materials and methods. The antigens were obtained from Paracoccidioides lutzii isolates (01, 66, and 8334), Paracoccidioides brasiliensis sensu stricto (113), and Paracoccidioides restripiensis (B-339). These fungi were grown at 36 degrees C +/- 1 degrees C, on modified Fava-Netto agar, according to Freitas et al. (2018). Paracoccidioides lutzii antigens were obtained after 5, 10, and 20 days of culture, whereas P. brasiliensis and P. restripiensis antigens were obtained after 10 days. Antigens were evaluated in natura, 10 and 20 times concentrated. Antigenic capacity was evaluated using a double immunodiffusion assay against serum samples from patients with paracoccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, and aspergillosis, and random blood donors.Results. Cross-reactivity between Paracoccidioides spp. antigens was observed when P. brasiliensis, P. restrepiensis antigens, and P. lutzii antigens were evaluated with the polyclonal antibodies against P. lutzii and P. brasiliensis, respectively. No cross-reactivity was obtained for polyclonal antibodies against Histoplasma capsulatum, Aspergillus fumigatus, and random blood donors. The proposed protocol allowed stable, repeatable, and reproducible genus-specific antigen production at a low cost and in a short cultivation time.Conclusion. The proposed protocol allowed us to obtain genus-specific antigens that can be developed and reproduced in all laboratories in Brazil and South America, where paracoccidioidomycosis is a neglected disease, contributing to an early diagnosis, especially in endemic regions, regardless of the species.
Bifidobacteria define gut microbiome profiles of golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia) and marmoset (Callithrix sp.) metagenomic shotgun pools
(2023) MALUKIEWICZ, Joanna; D'ARC, Mirela; DIAS, Cecilia A.; CARTWRIGHT, Reed A.; GRATIVOL, Adriana D.; MOREIRA, Silvia Bahadian; SOUZA, Antonizete R.; TAVARES, Maria Clotilde Henriques; PISSINATTI, Alcides; RUIZ-MIRANDA, Carlos R.; SANTOS, Andre F. A.
Gut microbiome disruptions may lead to adverse effects on wildlife fitness and viability, thus maintaining host microbiota biodiversity needs to become an integral part of wildlife conservation. The highly-endangered callitrichid golden lion tamarin (GLT-Leontopithecus rosalia) is a rare conservation success, but allochthonous callitrichid marmosets (Callithrix) serve as principle ecological GLT threats. However, incorporation of microbiome approaches to GLT conservation is impeded by limited gut microbiome studies of Brazilian primates. Here, we carried out analysis of gut metagenomic pools from 114 individuals of wild and captive GLTs and marmosets. More specifically, we analyzed the bacterial component of ultra filtered samples originally collected as part of a virome profiling study. The major findings of this study are consistent with previous studies in showing that Bifidobacterium, a bacterial species important for the metabolism of tree gums consumed by callitrichids, is an important component of the callitrichid gut microbiome - although GTLs and marmosets were enriched for different species of Bifidobacterium. Additionally, the composition of GLT and marmoset gut microbiota is sensitive to host environmental factors. Overall, our data expand baseline gut microbiome data for callitrichids to allow for the development of new tools to improve their management and conservation.
Zoonotic Malaria Risk in Serra Do Mar, Atlantic Forest, Brazil
(2023) RANGEL, Marina E. O.; DUARTE, Ana Maria R. C.; OLIVEIRA, Tatiane M. P.; MUCCI, Luis F.; LOSS, Ana Carolina; LOAIZA, Jose R.; LAPORTA, Gabriel Z.; SALLUM, Maria Anice M.
Here, the main goal is to assess natural infections of Plasmodium spp. in anophelines in a forest reserve from the same region where we previously found a surprisingly high rate (5.2%) of plasmodia infections (n = 25) in Kerteszia mosquitoes (N = 480) on the slopes of Serra do Mar, Atlantic Forest, Brazil. The mosquito collection sampling was carried out at the Legado das aguas Forest Reserve using CDC light traps and Shannon traps at night (5-10 pm) in 3-day collections in November 2021 and March, April, May, and November 2022. The captured specimens were morphologically identified at the species level and had their genomic DNA extracted in pools of up to 10 mosquitoes/pool. Each pool was tested using 18S qPCR and cytb nested PCR plus sequencing. A total of 5301 mosquitoes, mostly belonging to the genus Kerteszia (99.7%), were sampled and sorted into 773 pools. Eight pools positive for Plasmodium spp. were identified: four for Plasmodium spp., one for P. vivax or P. simium, one for P. malariae or P. brasilianum, and two for the P. falciparum-like parasite. After Sanger sequencing, two results were further confirmed: P. vivax or P. simium and P. malariae or P. brasilianum. The minimum infection rate for Kerteszia mosquitoes was 0.15% (eight positive pools/5285 Kerteszia mosquitoes). The study reveals a lower-than-expected natural infection rate (expected = 5.2% vs. observed = 0.15%). This low rate relates to the absence of Alouatta monkeys as the main simian malaria reservoir in the studied region. Their absence was due to a significant population decline following the reemergence of yellow fever virus outbreaks in the Atlantic Forest from 2016 to 2019. However, this also indicates the existence of alternative reservoirs to infect Kerteszia mosquitoes. The found zoonotic species of Plasmodium, including the P. falciparum-like parasite, may represent a simian malaria risk and thus a challenge for malaria elimination in Brazil.
Medicine of Giant Armadillos (Priodontes maximus)
(2022) KLUYBER, D.; DESBIEZ, A. L. J.
The giant armadillo is vulnerable to extinction and this solitary, rare, nocturnal species can locally disappear without people even knowing it exists. Anthropogenic impacts such as habitat loss, deforestation, fire, and roadkill are the main threats for this species. Recently, wildlife diseases have been identified as an important threat. In the 21st century, the world´s biggest still lacks basic scientific knowledge on its natural history, biology, and health. Giant armadillos occur at low density, and are rarely seen in the wild, and are very challenging to study. Additionally, there are few individuals in zoos, and little is known about the husbandry and nutritional needs for this species in captivity. Most of the information presented in this chapter is the results from a few studies on ecology and medicine, of wild giant armadillos in Brazil and Colombia. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
A Machine Learning Prediction Model for Immediate Graft Function After Deceased Donor Kidney Transplantation
(2023) QUININO, Raquel M. M.; AGENA, Fabiana; ANDRADE, Luis Gustavo Modelli de; FURTADO, Mariane; CHIAVEGATTO FILHO, Alexandre D. P.; DAVID-NETO, Elias
Background. After kidney transplantation (KTx), the graft can evolve from excellent immediate graft function (IGF) to total absence of function requiring dialysis. Recipients with IGF do not seem to benefit from using machine perfusion, an expensive procedure, in the long term when compared with cold storage. This study proposes to develop a prediction model for IGF in KTx deceased donor patients using machine learning algorithms. Methods. Unsensitized recipients who received their first KTx deceased donor between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2019, were classified according to the conduct of renal function after transplantation. Variables related to the donor, recipient, kidney preservation, and immunology were used. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: 70% were assigned to the training and 30% to the test group. Popular machine learning algorithms were used: eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Light Gradient Boosting Machine, Gradient Boosting classifier, Logistic Regression, CatBoost classifier, AdaBoost classifier, and Random Forest classifier. Comparative performance analysis on the test dataset was performed using the results of the AUC values, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and F1 score. Results. Of the 859 patients, 21.7% (n = 186) had IGF. The best predictive performance resulted from the eXtreme Gradient Boosting model (AUC, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.71-0.84; sensitivity, 0.64; specificity, 0.78). Five variables with the highest predictive value were identified. Conclusions. Our results indicated the possibility of creating a model for the prediction of IGF, enhancing the selection of patients who would benefit from an expensive treatment, as in the case of machine perfusion preservation.
Evaluation of Structural Viability of Porcine Tracheal Scaffolds after 3 and 6 Months of Storage under Three Different Protocols
(2023) GUIMARAES, Alberto Bruning; CORREIA, Aristides Tadeu; SILVA, Ronaldo Soares da; SANTOS, Elizabete Silva dos; COSTA, Natalia de Souza Xavier; DOLHNIKOFF, Marisa; MAIZATO, Marina; CESTARI, Idagene Aparecida; PEGO-FERNANDES, Paulo Manuel; CARDOSO, Paulo Francisco Guerreiro
Tracheal replacement with a bioengineered tracheal substitute has been developed for long-segment tracheal diseases. The decellularized tracheal scaffold is an alternative for cell seeding. It is not defined if the storage scaffold produces changes in the scaffold's biomechanical properties. We tested three protocols for porcine tracheal scaffold preservation immersed in PBS and alcohol 70%, in the fridge and under cryopreservation. Ninety-six porcine tracheas (12 in natura, 84 decellularized) were divided into three groups (PBS, alcohol, and cryopreservation). Twelve tracheas were analyzed after three and six months. The assessment included residual DNA, cytotoxicity, collagen contents, and mechanical properties. Decellularization increased the maximum load and stress in the longitudinal axis and decreased the maximum load in the transverse axis. The decellularization of the porcine trachea produced structurally viable scaffolds, with a preserved collagen matrix suitable for further bioengineering. Despite the cyclic washings, the scaffolds remained cytotoxic. The comparison of the storage protocols (PBS at 4 degrees C, alcohol at 4 degrees C, and slow cooling cryopreservation with cryoprotectants) showed no significant differences in the amount of collagen and in the biomechanical properties of the scaffolds. Storage in PBS solution at 4 degrees C for six months did not change the scaffold mechanics.
Pediatric peritoneal dialysis in Brazil: a discussion about sustainability. A document by the Brazilian Society of Nephrology, the Brazilian Society of Pediatrics, the Brazilian Association of Organ Transplantation, and the Brazilian Association of Dialysis and Transplant Centers
(2022) PALMA, Lilian Monteiro Pereira; PENIDO, Maria Goretti Moreira Guimarães; BRESOLIN, Nilzete Liberato; TAVARES, Marcelo de Sousa; SYLVESTRE, Lucimary; ANDRADE, Olberes Vitor Braga de; BERNARDES, Rejane de Paula; BANDEIRA, Maria de Fátima Santos; GARCIA, Clotilde Druck; KOCH, Vera Hermina Kalika; BELANGERO, Vera Maria Santoro; UHLMANN, Anelise; SOEIRO, Emília Maria Dantas; KAUFMAN, Arnauld; ANDRADE, Maria Cristina de; SILVA, Roxana de Almeida Roque Fontes; CALICE-SILVA, Viviani; VIEIRA, Marcos Alexandre; MEREGE NETO, Osvaldo Vieira
Abstract Introdução: A diálise peritoneal (DP) é importante para a pediatria. Este estudo mostrou dados de centros brasileiros que utilizam DP pediátrica. Método: Estudo transversal, observacional, descritivo com questionário eletrônico. Incluiu-se pacientes de 0-18 anos em DP cadastrados nos bancos de dados dos diversos centros. Questionário preenchido anonimamente, sem dados de identificação. Foi adotada metodologia quantitativa. Resultados: 212 pacientes estão em DP no Brasil (agosto, 2021). 80% têm menos de 12 anos de idade. A maioria realiza DP automatizada e 74% são dependentes do Sistema Único de Saúde. Em 25% dos centros faltou material de DP e em 51% os pacientes pediátricos foram convertidos de DP para HD. Conclusão: A maioria dos pacientes tinha menos de 12 anos e era dependente do SUS. A escassez de insumos aconteceu em 25% dos centros. Esses dados apontam para o problema da sustentabilidade de DP, única alternativa de TRS em crianças muito pequenas.
Context-specific emergence and growth of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant
(2022) MCCRONE, John T.; HILL, Verity; BAJAJ, Sumali; PENA, Rosario Evans; LAMBERT, Ben C.; INWARD, Rhys; BHATT, Samir; VOLZ, Erik; RUIS, Christopher; DELLICOUR, Simon; BAELE, Guy; ZAREBSKI, Alexander E.; SADILEK, Adam; WU, Neo; SCHNEIDER, Aaron; JI, Xiang; RAGHWANI, Jayna; Ben Jackson; COLQUHOUN, Rachel; PEACOCK, Thomas P.; TWOHIG, Kate; THELWALL, Simon; DABRERA, Gavin; MYERS, Richard; FARIA, Nuno R.; HUBER, Carmen; BOGOCH, Isaac I.; KHAN, Kamran; PLESSIS, Louis du; BARRETT, Jeffrey C.; AANENSEN, David M.; BARCLAY, Wendy S.; CHAND, Meera; CONNOR, Thomas; LOMAN, Nicholas J.; SUCHARD, Marc A.; PYBUS, Oliver G.; RAMBAUT, Andrew; KRAEMER, Moritz U. G.
The SARS-CoV-2 Delta (Pango lineage 8.1.617.2) variant of concern spread globally, causing resurgences of COVID-19 worldwide(1,2). The emergence of the Delta variant in the UK occurred on the background of a heterogeneous landscape of immunity and relaxation of non-pharmaceutical interventions. Here we analyse 52,992 SARS-CoV-2 genomes from England together with 93,649 genomes from the rest of the world to reconstruct the emergence of Delta and quantify its introduction to and regional dissemination across England in the context of changing travel and social restrictions. Using analysis of human movement, contact tracing and virusgenomic data, we find that the geographic focus of the expansion of Delta shifted from India to a more global pattern in early May 2021. In England, Delta lineages were introduced more than 1,000 times and spread nationally as non-pharmaceutical interventions were relaxed. We find that hotel quarantine for travellers reduced onward transmission from importations; however, the transmission chainsthat later dominated the Delta wave in England were seeded before travel restrictions were introduced. Increasing inter-regional travel within England drove the nationwide dissemination of Delta, with some cities receiving more than 2,000 observable lineage introductions from elsewhere. Subsequently, increased levels of local population mixing-and not the number of importations-were associated with the faster relative spread of Delta. The invasion dynamics of Delta depended on spatial heterogeneity in contact patterns, and our findings will inform optimal spatial interventionsto reduce the transmission of current and future variants of concern, such as Omicron (Pango lineage B.1.1.529).
Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii infected by Plasmodium in the Atlantic Forest indicates that the malaria transmission cycle is maintained even after howler monkeys' population decline
(2022) FERREIRA, Lucas Mendes; REZENDE, Helder Ricas; FUX, Blima; ALENCAR, Filomena Euridice Carvalho De; LOSS, Ana Carolina; BUERY, Julyana Cerqueira; DUARTE, Ana Maria Ribeiro De Castro; CERUTTI JUNIOR, Crispim
The Atlantic Forests outside of the Amazon region in Brazil are low-frequency malaria hotspots. The disease behaves as a zoonosis maintained by nonhuman primates (NHPs), especially howler monkeys. Between 2016 and 2018, Brazil witnessed the largest yellow fever outbreak since 1980, resulting in massive declines in these NHP populations. However, reports of malaria cases continued in transmission areas. This scenario motivated this survey to determine the frequency of infection of the anophelines by Plasmodium species. Mosquitoes were captured using Shannon traps and CDC light traps and identified as to species based on morphological characters. The screening for malaria parasites targeted only Anopheles species belonging to the subgenus Kerteszia, the proven primary malaria vector. A TaqMan qPCR assay using ribosomal primers (18S rRNA gene) was performed in a Step One Plus Real-time PCR to detect Plasmodium species. Seven hundred sixty field-caught anophelines divided into 76 pools were examined. Out of 76 tested pools, seven (9.21%) were positive. Three pools were Plasmodium malariae-positive, and four were Plasmodium vivax-positive. The anopheline infection was expressed as the maximum infection rate (MIR), disclosing a value of 0.92%, indicative of a steady state. Such stability after the yellow fever outbreak suggests that other species of NHPs could support transmission.
Minimally invasive craniotomies for lesions of the anterior and middle fossa
(2022) BERTANI, Raphael; KOESTER, Stefan; BATISTA, Savio; PERRET, Caio; BOCANEGRA-BECERRA, Jhon E.; MARIA, Paulo Santa; GALLO, Bruno Henrique Dallo; ABI-AAD, Karl; FERRAREZ, Carlos Eduardo; RABELO, Nicollas Nunes; ZUBEN, Daniela Von; SANTO, Marcelo Prudente Do Espirito; FIGUEIREDO, Eberval Gadelha
Minimally invasive craniotomies are the subject of increasing attention over the last two decades in neurosurgery, following the current trend of attempting to increase patient safety by providing surgeries with less tissue disruption, blood loss, and decreased operative time. However, a significant information overlap exists among the various keyhole approaches regarding their indications and differences with more invasive techniques. Therefore, the present study aims to comprehensively review, illustrate, and describe the potential benefits and disadvantages of minimally invasive techniques to access the anterior and middle fossa, including the mini-pterional, mini orbito-zygomatic, supraorbital, lateral supraorbital, and extended lateral supraorbital approaches while comparing them to classic, more invasive approaches.