RAFAEL DE OLIVEIRA CHRISTE

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  • article 9 Citação(ões) na Scopus
    Diversity analysis and an updated list of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) found in Cantareira State Park, SAo Paulo, Brazil
    (2020) CERETTI-JUNIOR, Walter; OLIVEIRA-CHRISTE, Rafael; WILK-DA-SILVA, Ramon; MUCCI, Luis Filipe; DUARTE, Ana Maria Ribeiro de Castro; FERNANDES, Aristides; BARRIO-NUEVO, Karolina Morales; CARVALHO, Marcio Port; MARRELLI, Mauro Toledo; MEDEIROS-SOUSA, Antonio Ralph
    Cantareira State Park (CSP) is located in the Metropolitan Region of SAo Paulo, one of the most densely populated areas on the planet. Recently, a yellow-fever epidemic practically annihilated the howler monkey population in this park, and human infections were reported in the vicinity. As simian and human plasmodia also circulate in CSP, the present study sought to provide an update on the mosquito fauna in this park, including an analysis of the diversity in areas with different degrees of conservation and a comparison of the yields achieved with different collection techniques. From October 2015 to April 2017, adult mosquitoes were collected with CDC traps, hand-held battery-powered aspirators and Shannon traps, and larvae and pupae were collected with larval dippers and suction samplers in natural and artificial breeding sites. In total, 11,038 specimens distributed in 103 taxa represented by 16 genera were collected. Both the observed species richness and diversity were greater in the environments with the highest degree of preservation. The 'wild' (most preserved) area in CSP had the greatest species richness, followed by the transition area and human-impacted area. The estimated richness indicated that the three environments may have a greater number of species than observed in this study, and Sorensen's index showed that the average degree of similarity varies little between areas. In the inventory of local species, the Shannon trap was the most efficient collection technique for adult mosquitoes, and the suction sampler the most efficient for immatures. The results highlight the increase in the number of different taxa collected as different mosquito capture techniques were included, confirming the importance of using several strategies to sample the local mosquito fauna satisfactorily when exploring a greater number of ecotopes. CSP is a refuge and shelter for native and introduced mosquito species where new biocenoses including pathogens, vertebrate hosts and vectors can form, allowing zoonotic outbreaks in the local human population to occur.
  • article 8 Citação(ões) na Scopus
    Microgeographic Wing-Shape Variation in Aedes albopictus and Aedes scapularis (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations
    (2020) OLIVEIRA-CHRISTE, Rafael; WILKE, Andre Barretto Bruno; MARRELLI, Mauro Toledo
    Simple Summary Aedes albopictus and Aedes scapularis have been incriminated as vectors of arboviruses that can cause human diseases. Geometric morphometric tools have been used in several epidemiological studies to investigate how each of these mosquito species behaves in urban areas in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil, and how these species have adapted to anthropogenic changes in the environment. Since it is exotic to the Brazilian fauna, Ae. albopictus has received more attention from health agencies than Ae. scapularis, a native species. It is thus crucial to investigate and compare the two species simultaneously in the same geographic area to better understand how they adapt to urban environments. The aim of this work was to evaluate the population profile of these species in urban parks in the city of Sao Paulo using wing geometric morphometrics. Our results showed different levels of population structuring for both species, suggesting different adaptive responses to urbanization: Ae. albopictus populations collected in the urban parks displayed homogeneous wing patterns, whereas Ae. scapularis populations were shown to have more variation. This indicates the importance of maintaining surveillance of exotic and native mosquito vector species given the fundamental role that urbanization can play in the population dynamics of arbovirus vector species. Aedes albopictus and Aedes scapularis are vectors of several arboviruses, including the dengue, chikungunya, and Rocio virus infection. While Ae. albopictus is a highly invasive species native to Asia and has been dispersed by humans to most parts of the world, Ae. scapularis is native to Brazil and is widely distributed in the southeast of the country. Both species are highly anthropophilic and are often abundant in places with high human population densities. Because of the great epidemiological importance of these two mosquitoes and the paucity of knowledge on how they have adapted to different urban built environments, we investigated the microgeographic population structure of these vector species in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil, using wing geometric morphometrics. Females of Ae. albopictus and Ae. scapularis were collected in seven urban parks in the city. The right wings of the specimens were removed and digitized, and eighteen landmarks based on vein intersections in the wing venation patterns were used to assess cross-sectional variation in wing shape and size. The analyses revealed distinct results for Ae. albopictus and Ae. scapularis populations. While the former had less wing shape variation, the latter had more heterogeneity, indicating a higher degree of intraspecific variation. Our results indicate that microgeographic selective pressures exerted by different urban built environments have a distinct effect on wing shape patterns in the populations of these two mosquito species studied here.
  • article 3 Citação(ões) na Scopus
    Assessment of the microgeographic population structure of Aedes fluviatilis (Diptera: Culicidae) using wing geometric morphometrics
    (2019) CHRISTE, Rafael de Oliveira; MARRELLI, Mauro Toledo; VIDAL, Paloma Oliveira; VENDRAMI, Daniel Pagotto; WILKE, Andre Barretto Bruno
    Aedes fluviatilis (Lutz 1904) is a highly anthropophilic mosquito found in the New World from Argentina to Mexico. Environmental changes, such as those resulting from urbanization, may lead to population structure in mosquitoes. As exogenous factors may be acting on and influencing Ae. fluviatilis population dynamics, this study sought to assess population structure patterns in this species in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil, with the aid of wing geometric morphometrics, a widely used and reliable tool for studying microevolution. Multivariate analysis revealed variation among wing shape of Ae. fluviatilis in the different urban parks. Our results indicated that both male and female populations studied here were distributed homogeneously in morpho space with signs of population structuring. The differences in the male and female Neighbor Joining phenograms based on wing shape variations indicate that there is a difference in population structure between male and female populations, with higher differentiation in males. The values of Mahalanobis Distances between populations of females and males were relatively high considering that the specimens analyzed have low variation in space and time (specimens were collected in locations no more than 20 km apart over one year period). Wing geometric morphometrics analysis of Ae. fluviatilis showed that populations of males and females have a distinct structuration, which reflected in the distinct wing shape variations found for each gender, in which males displayed greater wing shape variation than females.
  • article 0 Citação(ões) na Scopus
    Diversity analysis and an updated list of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) found in Cantareira State Park, SAo Paulo, Brazil (vol 212, pg 5, 2020)
    (2021) CERETTI-JUNIOR, Walter; OLIVEIRA-CHRISTE, Rafael; WILK-DA-SILVA, Ramon; MUCCI, Luis Filipe; DUARTE, Ana Maria Ribeiro de Castro; FERNANDES, Aristides; BARRIO-NUEVO, Karolina Morales; CARVALHO, Marcio Port; MARRELLI, Mauro Toledo; MEDEIROS-SOUSA, Antonio Ralph
  • article 3 Citação(ões) na Scopus
    Assessment of wing geometric morphometrics of urban Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) populations
    (2023) OLIVEIRA-CHRISTE, Rafael; CARVALHO, Gabriela Cristina de; WILKE, Andre Barretto Bruno; MARRELLI, Mauro Toledo
    Culex quinquefasciatus is a cosmopolitan species distributed throughout tropical and subtropical areas of the world. The species is of great epidemiological importance as it is responsible for vectoring the causative agent of lymphatic filariasis and several arboviruses, including West Nile virus. Wing geometric morphometrics has been widely used to assess phenotypic variations in mosquito species. Here, we hypothesize that Cx. quinquefasciatus populations in urban parks in the city of Sa & SIM;o Paulo, Brazil, have been subjected to anthropogenic selective pressures that are responsible for driving their ecology and behavior. Mosquitoes were collected by CDC traps in five municipal parks in the city of Sa & SIM;o Paulo. Eighteen anatomical landmark coordinates on each female right wing were digitized. Canonical variate analysis, wireframe graphs, cross-validated reclassification tests and the neighbor-joining method were used to assess phenotypical dissimilarity in wing shape between populations. Centroid size was calculated to assess differences in wing size between populations, which can result from different environmental conditions during immature mosquito development. Moderately heterogeneous wing shape and wing size patterns were found in the populations analyzed, indicating that selective pressures in the urban environment are affecting the wing patterns of Cx. quinquefasciatus populations in the city of Sa & SIM;o Paulo, Brazil.
  • article 12 Citação(ões) na Scopus
    The Influence of the pH and Salinity of Water in Breeding Sites on the Occurrence and Community Composition of Immature Mosquitoes in the Green Belt of the City of Sao Paulo, Brazil
    (2021) MULTINI, Laura Cristina; OLIVEIRA-CHRISTE, Rafael; MEDEIROS-SOUSA, Antonio Ralph; EVANGELISTA, Eduardo; BARRIO-NUEVO, Karolina Morales; MUCCI, Luis Filipe; CERETTI-JUNIOR, Walter; CAMARGO, Amanda Alves; WILKE, Andre Barretto Bruno; MARRELLI, Mauro Toledo
    Simple Summary Immature mosquitoes are found in natural and artificial aquatic habitats. Variations in physicochemical parameters of water, such as pH, salinity, conductivity, and total dissolved solids, in breeding habitats can influence larval occurrence and drive the proliferation of adult mosquitoes. Herein, we investigated the association between different values of physicochemical parameters in a variety of aquatic habitats and the occurrence and community composition of immature mosquito species in two environmentally protected areas in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The aquatic habitats surveyed included epiphytic and ground bromeliads, bamboo internodes, ponds, tree hollows, lakes, and artificial containers. Our results revealed a statistically significant relationship between species occurrence and the variables of pH and salinity. The type of aquatic habitat also had a significant influence on mosquito species distribution. Investigating the interactions between immature mosquitoes and the environment in which they develop is important to elucidate the factors driving their occurrence and abundance, and could also be an important tool in planning and implementing immature mosquito control practices. The physicochemical parameters of water, such as pH, salinity, conductivity, and total dissolved solids, can influence mosquito larval development, survival, and abundance. Therefore, it is important to elucidate how these factors influence mosquito occurrence. We hypothesized that the occurrence and community composition of immature mosquito species are driven not only by the availability of suitable aquatic habitats, but also by the physicochemical factors of these habitats. The primary objective of this study was therefore to investigate the influence of the physicochemical parameters of water in different types of aquatic habitats on the occurrence of mosquito species in two remnants of Atlantic Forest in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Collections of immature mosquitoes and assessment of the physicochemical characteristics of the water in the collection sites were carried out for twelve months. The variation in species composition and occurrence with the measured physicochemical parameters and the type of breeding site was assessed using constrained ordination methods. The results indicate that there was a statistically significant difference in species composition as a function of the different types of aquatic habitats, and that pH had an influence on species occurrence even when the variance explained by the type of aquatic habitat was removed from the analysis. There was a statistically significant association between mosquito species occurrence and pH and salinity, and the former had a significant influence on the mosquito species collected regardless of the type of aquatic habitat, showing that the pH of the breeding site water is an important factor in driving mosquito population dynamics and species distribution.
  • article 6 Citação(ões) na Scopus
    Relationship between vertical stratification and feeding habits of mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) assemblages collected in conservation units in the green belt of the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil
    (2021) EVANGELISTA, Eduardo; MEDEIROS-SOUSA, Antonio Ralph; CERETTI-JUNIOR, Walter; OLIVEIRA-CHRISTE, Rafael; WILK-DA-SILVA, Ramon; DUARTE, Ana Maria Ribeiro de Castro; VENDRAMI, Daniel Pagotto; CARVALHO, Gabriela Cristina de; MUCCI, Luis Filipe; MARRELLI, Mauro Toledo
    Sa tilde o Paulo is one of the largest cities in the world and has several characteristics that favor a diversity of urban and wild mosquitoes. Little is known about how variations in mosquito diversity and feeding preferences for different hosts in different vegetation strata can influence the risk of pathogen transmission to humans. We investigated vertical stratification of mosquitoes and its relationship with vertebrate hosts in environments with different degrees of conservation in two conservation units in the city of Sa tilde o Paulo. Adult mosquitoes were collected using CDC traps, aspiration and Shannon traps. After morphological identification, host blood in engorged females was analyzed by PCR with a vertebrate-specific primer set based on mitochondrial cytochrome b DNA of vertebrates commonly found in the two conservation units. Although a higher abundance of the species Anopheles cruzii and Culex nigripalpus was found in the canopy, blood not only from birds but also from humans and rodents was identified in these mosquitoes. In one of the units, Wyeomyia confusa and Limatus durhamii were found occupying mainly niches at ground level while Culex vaxus was frequently found in the canopy. Haemagogus leucocelaenus, the main vector of yellow fever, was found in low abundance at all collection points, particularly in the canopy. Species richness and composition tended to vary little between canopy and ground level in the same environment, but the abundance between canopy and ground level varied more depending on the species analyzed, the most abundant and frequent species exhibiting a predilection for the canopy. Even those mosquito species observed more frequently in the canopy did not show an association with hosts found in this stratum as most of the blood identified in these species was from humans, suggesting opportunist feeding behavior, i.e., feeding on the most readily available host in the environment. The two most common species in the study, An. cruzii and Cx. nigripalpus, may be able to act as bridge vectors for pathogens to circulate between the forest canopy and ground level.
  • article 25 Citação(ões) na Scopus
    Effects of anthropogenic landscape changes on the abundance and acrodendrophily of Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii, the main vector of malaria parasites in the Atlantic Forest in Brazil
    (2019) MEDEIROS-SOUSA, Antonio Ralph; CHRISTE, Rafael de Oliveira; DUARTE, Ana Maria Ribeiro de Castro; MUCCI, Luis Filipe; CERETTI-JUNIOR, Walter; MARRELLI, Mauro Toledo
    BackgroundThe mosquito Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii is the main vector of human and simian malaria in the Atlantic Forest. This species is usually abundant in the forests where it occurs, preferring to live and feed on canopies, behaviour known as acrodendrophily. However, in several studies and locations this species has been observed in high density near the ground in the forest. In this study, it was hypothesized that factors associated with anthropogenic landscape changes may be responsible for the variation in abundance and acrodendrophily observed in An. cruzii.MethodsThe study was conducted in a conservation unit in the city of SAo Paulo, Brazil. Monthly entomological collections were performed from March 2015 to April 2017, and the resulting data were used with data from another study conducted in the same area between May 2009 and June 2010. Mosquitoes were collected from five sites using CDC and Shannon traps. Landscape composition and configuration metrics were measured, and generalized linear mixed-effect models were used to investigate the relationship between these metrics and variations in the abundance and acrodendrophily of An. cruzii.ResultsThe model that showed the best fit for the relationship between landscape metrics and An. cruzii abundance suggests that an increase in the proportion of forest cover leads to an increase in the abundance of this mosquito, while the model that best explained variations in An. cruzii acrodendrophily suggests that an increase in total forest-edge length leads to greater activity by this species at ground level.ConclusionWhile the data indicate that changes in landscape due to human activities lead to a reduction in An. cruzii abundance, such changes may increase the contact rate between this species and humans living on the edges of forest fragments where An. cruzii is found. Future studies should, therefore, seek to elucidate the effect of these landscape changes on the dynamics of Plasmodium transmission in the Atlantic Forest, which according to some studies includes the participation of simian hosts.
  • article 2 Citação(ões) na Scopus
  • article 24 Citação(ões) na Scopus
    Influence of water's physical and chemical parameters on mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) assemblages in larval habitats in urban parks of Sao Paulo, Brazil
    (2020) MEDEIROS-SOUSA, Antonio Ralph; OLIVEIRA-CHRISTE, Rafael de; CAMARGO, Amanda Alves; SCINACHI, Claudia Araujo; MILANI, Gerlice Maria; URBINATTI, Paulo Roberto; NATAL, Delsio; CERETTI-JUNIOR, Walter; MARRELLI, Mauro Toledo
    Water's physical and chemical characteristics are important constraints in aquatic ecosystems, acting on the development, survival, and adaptation of different organisms. Immature forms of mosquitoes develop in widely diverse aquatic environments and are mainly found in permanent or temporary freshwater bodies with little or no movement. The current study aimed to investigate whether variations in larval habitats' pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and water temperature influence the composition of Culicidae assemblages and the presence and abundance of Aedes albopictus and Ae. aegypti. From August 2012 to July 2013, captures of immature forms and measurement of water's physical and chemical profiles were performed monthly in natural and artificial breeding sites in four urban parks in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Changes in species composition related to the parameters' variation were assessed by multivariate analysis. Regression trees were performed to evaluate the effect of breeding sites' physical and chemical variations on the presence and abundance of Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti. The observations suggest ranges of conditions for the measured variables in which most species tend to be found more frequently, and pH and salinity are the variables most closely associated with variations in mosquito composition. Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were present in both natural and artificial breeding sites and were observed under significantly varying conditions of pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and temperature. For Ae. albopictus, larval habitat type and pH were the best predictors of incidence and abundance. For Ae. aegypti, pH and salinity were the best predictors of abundance, while dissolved oxygen and larval habitat type were better predictors of presence. This information broadens our understanding of the ecology and interaction of the investigated species with abiotic factors in the aquatic environments, providing useful data for studies that seek to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of selection and colonization of breeding sites by these mosquitoes. This study also reinforces previous observations indicating that Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti can colonize diverse types of larval habitats with widely varying physical and chemical conditions.