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- Characterization of pain syndromes in patients with neuromyelitis optica(2020) VALERIO, Fernanda; APOSTOLOS-PEREIRA, Samira L.; SATO, Douglas Kazutoshi; CALLEGARO, Dagoberto; LUCATO, Leandro Tavares; BARBOZA, Victor Rosseto; SILVA, Valquiria A.; GALHARDONI, Ricardo; RODRIGUES, Antonia L. de Lima; TEIXEIRA, Manoel Jacobsen; ANDRADE, Daniel Ciampi deBackground Pain is common and refractory in spinal cord injury (SCI). Currently, most studies evaluated pain in male-predominant traumatic-SCI. Also, concomitant secondary pain syndromes and its temporal evolution were seldom reported. Methods We aimed to prospectively describe the main and secondary pain and its associated factors in inflammatory-SCI evaluating neuromyelitis optica (NMO) patients. In-remission NMO patients underwent neurological, imaging and autoantibody evaluations. Questionnaires detailing main and secondary pains, functional state, mood, catastrophizing, quality of life (QoL) and ""non-motor symptoms"" were used at two time points. Results Pain was present in 53 (73.6%) of the 72 patients included. At-level neuropathic pain was the most common main pain syndrome, affecting 32 subjects (60.4% of those with pain). Over 70% (n = 38) of this cohort reported two pain syndromes. Those without pain were significantly younger (26.1 +/- 12.7 y.o. in those without pain and 40.1 +/- 12.5, 37.2 +/- 11.4 y.o. in those whose main pain was neuropathic and non-neuropathic, respectively,p = .001), and no differences in the inflammatory status were observed between groups. On follow-up, one-fifth (n = 11) had a different main pain syndrome from the first visit. Pain impacted QoL as much as disability and motor strength. Conclusion Pain is a prevalent and disabling non-motor symptom in NMO-SCI. Most patients experience more than one pain syndrome which can change in time even in the absence of clinical relapse. Age of the inflammatory-SCI was a major determinant of pain. Acknowledging temporal changes and multiplicity of pain syndromes in NMO-SCI may give insights into more precise designs of clinical trials and general management of pain in SCI. Significance In this longitudinal study with NMO-related SCI, pain affected almost three-quarters of patients with NMO. Over 70% have more than one pain syndrome and at-level neuropathic pain is the most common type of pain syndrome. Patients without pain were significantly younger but had the same burden of inflammatory lesions than those with pain. During follow-up, up to one fifth of patients presented with changes in the main pain syndromes, which can occur even in the absence of clinical activity of the inflammatory disease. In this cohort, Pain affected quality of life as much as disability or motor strength.
- Sifting the wheat from the chaff? Evidence for the existence of an asymmetric fibromyalgia phenotype(2020) KAZIYAMA, Helena H.; BARBOUR, Julio; GALHARDONI, Ricardo; SILVA, Valquiria Aparecida da; SIQUEIRA, Silvia R. D. Tesseroli de; LISTIK, Clarice; SANTOS, Gabriel Jose dos; YENG, Lin T.; MARCOLIN, Marco Antonio; RAICHER, Irina; TEIXEIRA, Manoel J.; ANDRADE, Daniel Ciampi deBackground The different phenotypic presentations of fibromyalgia (FM) have been infrequently studied and may have diagnostic and therapeutic implications. The aim of this study was to explore differences between FM patients with classical symmetric (s-FM) presentation and FM patients with marked asymmetric (a-FM) pain. Methods We performed two consecutive cross-sectional studies on FM patients and matched healthy volunteers (HV). FM patients were divided into a-FM (and s-FM groups according to their score of pain intensity on each body side; patients with a difference of >= 40 mm in VAS between left and right sides were classified as a-FM, otherwise classified as s-FM. Participants (FM = 32; HV = 31) were assessed for clinical, cortical excitability (CE), quantitative sensory testing (QST; study 1), and intraepidermal nerve fibre density (IENFD) determinations (study 2). Results While pain intensity did not significantly differ between s-FM and a-FM patients, pain interference in daily activities was significantly higher in the a-FM as compared to the s-FM group (54.7 +/- 8.9 and 37.6 +/- 13.5;p < .0001). PPT was significantly lower in the more painful side of a-FM as compared to the HV (27.7 +/- 7.9 and 49.9 +/- 13.0;p < .0001), while PPT in the less painful side of a-FM was significantly higher than PPT values in the s-FM (35.8 +/- 8.3 and 27.7 +/- 5.5;p = .031). S-FM and a-FM had significantly abnormal intracortical inhibition values on CE measurements compared to HV. There were no significant differences in IENFD between groups. Conclusions Within the current FM criteria, there exist different phenotypes with clinical, psychophysics, and neurophysiological findings that are not related to peripheral IENFD abnormalities. Significance Current fibromyalgia criteria may contain different phenotypes of fibromyalgia based on the lateralization of pain.
- Beyond weakness: Characterization of pain, sensory profile and conditioned pain modulation in patients with motor neuron disease: A controlled study(2018) LOPES, L. C. G.; GALHARDONI, R.; SILVA, V.; JORGE, F. M. H.; YENG, L. T.; CALLEGARO, D.; CHADI, G.; TEIXEIRA, M. J.; ANDRADE, D. Ciampi deBackgroundMotor neuron diseases (MND) represent a group of disorders that evolve with inexorable muscle weakness and medical management is based on symptom control. However, deeper characterization of non-motor symptoms in these patients have been rarely reported. MethodsThis cross-sectional study aimed to describe non-motor symptoms in MND and their impact on quality of life and functional status, with a focus on pain and sensory changes. Eighty patients (31 females, 55.712.9years old) with MND underwent a neurological examination, pain, mood, catastrophizing and psychophysics assessments [quantitative sensory testing (QST) and conditioned pain modulation (CPM)], and were compared to sex- and age-matched healthy controls (HC). ResultsChronic pain was present in 46% of patients (VAS=5.182.0). Pain of musculoskeletal origin occurred in 40.5% and was mainly located in the head/neck (51%) and lower back (35%). Neuropathic pain was not present in this sample. Compared to HC, MND patients had a lower cold detection threshold (p<0.002), and significantly lower CPM scores (4.9 +/- 0.2% vs. 22.1 +/- 0.2%, p=0.012). QST/CPM results did not differ between MND patients with and without pain. Pain intensity was statistically correlated with anxiety, depression and catastrophism, and spasticity scores were inversely correlated with CPM (=-0.30, p=0.026). ConclusionsPain is frequently reported by patients with MNDs. Somatosensory and CPM changes exist in MNDs and may be related to the neurodegenerative nature of the disease. Further studies should investigate the most appropriate treatment strategies for these patients. SignificanceWe report a comprehensive evaluation of pain and sensory abnormalities in motor neuron disease (MND) patients. We assessed the different pain syndromes present in MND with validated tools, and described the QST and conditioned pain modulation profiles in a controlled design.
- Abnormal sensory thresholds of dystonic patients are not affected by deep brain stimulation(2021) LISTIK, Clarice; CURY, Rubens Gisbert; SILVA, Valquiria Aparecida da; CASAGRANDE, Sara Carvalho Barbosa; LISTIK, Eduardo; LINK, Naira; GALHARDONI, Ricardo; BARBOSA, Egberto Reis; TEIXEIRA, Manoel Jacobsen; ANDRADE, Daniel Ciampi deBackground Unlike motor symptoms, the effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) on non-motor symptoms associated with dystonia remain unknown. Methods The objective of this study was to assess the effects of DBS on evoked experimental pain and cutaneous sensory thresholds in a crossover, double-blind on/off study and compare these results with those of healthy volunteers (HV). Results Sixteen patients with idiopathic dystonia (39.9 +/- 13 years old, n = 14 generalized) with DBS of the globus pallidus internus underwent a battery of quantitative sensory testing and assessment using a pain top-down modulation system (conditioned pain modulation, CPM). Results for the more and less dystonic body regions were compared in on and off stimulation. The patients' results were compared to age- and sex-matched HV. Descending pain modulation CPM responses in dystonic patients (on-DBS, 11.8 +/- 40.7; off-DBS, 1.8 +/- 22.1) was abnormally low (defective) compared to HV (-15.6 +/- 23.5, respectively p = .006 and p = .042). Cold pain threshold and cold hyperalgesia were 54.8% and 95.7% higher in dystonic patients compared to HV. On-DBS CPM correlated with higher Burke-Fahn-Marsden disability score (r = 0.598; p = .014). While sensory and pain thresholds were not affected by DBS on/off condition, pain modulation was abnormal in dystonic patients and tended to be aggravated by DBS. Conclusion The analgesic effects after DBS do not seem to depend on short-duration changes in cutaneous sensory thresholds in dystonic patients and may be related to changes in the central processing of nociceptive inputs.
- Sensory abnormalities and pain in Parkinson disease and its modulation by treatment of motor symptoms(2016) CURY, R. G.; GALHARDONI, R.; FONOFF, E. T.; LLORET, S. Perez; GHILARDI, M. G. dos Santos; BARBOSA, E. R.; TEIXEIRA, M. J.; ANDRADE, D. Ciampi dePain and sensory abnormalities are present in a large proportion of Parkinson disease (PD) patients and have a significant negative impact in quality of life. It remains undetermined whether pain occurs secondary to motor impairment and to which extent it can be relieved by improvement of motor symptoms. The aim of this review was to examine the current knowledge on the mechanisms behind sensory changes and pain in PD and to assess the modulatory effects of motor treatment on these sensory abnormalities. A comprehensive literature search was performed. We selected studies investigating sensory changes and pain in PD and the effects of levodopa administration and deep brain stimulation (DBS) on these symptoms. PD patients have altered sensory and pain thresholds in the off-medication state. Both levodopa and DBS improve motor symptoms (i.e.: bradykinesia, tremor) and change sensory abnormalities towards normal levels. However, there is no direct correlation between sensory/pain changes and motor improvement, suggesting that motor and non-motor symptoms do not necessarily share the same mechanisms. Whether dopamine and DBS have a real antinociceptive effect or simply a modulatory effect in pain perception remain uncertain. These data may provide useful insights into a mechanism-based approach to pain in PD, pointing out the role of the dopaminergic system in pain perception and the importance of the characterization of different pain syndromes related to PD before specific treatment can be instituted.