TALITA MARIA FORTUNATO TAVARES
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- Aspectos da fluência da fala em crianças com distúrbio específico de linguagem(2014) ANDRADE, Cláudia Regina Furquim de; BEFI-LOPES, Debora Maria; JUSTE, Fabíola Staróbole; CÁCERES-ASSENÇO, Ana Manhani; FORTUNATO-TAVARES, Talita MariaPurpose The present study aimed to assess specific aspects of speech fluency in children with specific language impairment (SLI). This included examining the typology of speech disruption and rate (in words and syllables per minute), across different age groups. Methods A total of 50 children, aged 3 to 7 years old, presenting with nonverbal IQ and hearing thresholds within normal limits (without the presence of stuttering) participated in the study. Children were divided into two groups: G1 (SLI) included 25 children (7 girls and 18 boys) and G2 (typical development) included 25 children matched on age and gender with G1. Each child was shown a figure and asked to discuss what s/he liked about the figure. Each speech sample included 200 fluent syllables or 100 fluent words. Results Between-group analyses demonstrated that children aged 3 to 4 years old in G1 had lower speech rate than their age-matched peers from G2. Within-group analyses revealed no differences in disruption typologies between age groups in G1 participants. In contrast, hesitation was the most frequent typology for 4- to 5-year-old G2 children, whereas hesitation and word repetition typologies were observed in 6- to 7-year-old G2 children. Conclusion Children with suspected SLI between the ages of 3 to 4 years old showed a reduction in word and syllable production. Hesitation-type speech disruptions were prominently used by typically developing children, regardless of age, and were not observed in SLI children.
- Evolução audiométrica em usuários de implante coclear multicanal(2013) HOSHINO, Ana Cristina Hiromi; CRUZ, Dorilan Rodriguez da; GOFFI-GOMEZ, Maria Valéria Schmidt; BEFI-LOPES, Débora Maria; MATAS, Carla Gentile; FORTUNATO-TAVARES, Talita M.; TSUJI, Robinson KojiPURPOSE: to evaluate how long after activation one can achieve the desired auditory thresholds in individuals multichannel cochlear implant users from different age groups. METHOD: a retrospective cross-sectional from a database, approved by CEP / FMUSP, under number 779/06. Individuals implanted between January 2005 and September 2008, whose files had preoperative audiometric data and 3, 6 and 12 months after CI were included. Seventy-two patients fulfilled the criteria, and they were divided in two groups according to age: group I (17 year old) and GII (18-66 year old). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of one factor in order to verify the interaction between the mean threshold and time after CI were used. RESULTS: we observed that 15 of the GI have reached around 30dBNA thresholds at 3 months after implant. The same happened to 26 patients of GII. We found significant interaction between time (F (3.140) = 91.973, p = 0.00) and the average hearing thresholds. Post-hoc analysis in the GI group were statistically significant differences for comparisons between HA and 3 months after implantation (p = 0.00) and between 3 and 12 months (p = 0.28). For GII only for comparison between HA and 3 months (p = 0.00). CONCLUSION: a significant hearing change may be observed beginning from three months after IC, but this result is not found in all implanted subjects.
- Syntactic Structural Assignment in Brazilian Portuguese-Speaking Children With Specific Language Impairment(2012) FORTUNATO-TAVARES, Talita; ANDRADE, Claudia R. F. de; BEFI-LOPES, Debora M.; HESTVIK, Arild; EPSTEIN, Baila; TORNYOVA, Lidiya; SCHWARTZ, Richard G.Purpose: In this study, the authors examined the comprehension of sentences with predicates and reflexives that are linked to a nonadjacent noun as a test of the hierarchical ordering deficit (HOD) hypothesis. That hypothesis and more modern versions posit that children with specific language impairment (SLI) have difficulty in establishing nonadjacent (hierarchical) relations among elements of a sentence. The authors also tested whether additional working memory demands in constructions containing reflexives affected the extent to which children with SLI incorrectly structure sentences as indicated by their picture-pointing comprehension responses. Method: Sixteen Brazilian Portuguese-speaking children (8;4-10;6 [years; months]) with SLI and 16 children with typical language development (TLD) matched for age (+/- 3 months), gender, and socioeconomic status participated in 2 experiments (predicate and reflexive interpretation). In the reflexive experiment, the authors also manipulated working memory demands. Each experiment involved a 4-choice picture selection sentence comprehension task. Results: Children with SLI were significantly less accurate on all conditions. Both groups made more hierarchical syntactic construction errors in the long working memory condition than in the short working memory condition. Conclusion: The HOD hypothesis was not confirmed. For both groups, syntactic factors (structural assignment) were more vulnerable than lexical factors (prepositions) to working memory effects in sentence miscomprehension.
- Deglutição e consistências alimentares pastosas e sólidas: revisão crítica de literatura(2012) PANSARINI, Amanda Checchinato; SASSI, Fernanda Chiarion; MANGILLI, Laura Davison; FORTUNATO-TAVARES, Talita; LIMONGI, Suelly Cecília Olivan; ANDRADE, Claudia Regina Furquim dePURPOSE: To analyze published international scientific papers on the physiology of deglutition in oral and pharyngeal phases, considering different food consistencies: nectar, honey, pudding, pasty heterogeneous, semi-solid, and solid. METHODS: This is a qualitative literature reviews. The studies considered were selected on PubMed, using the keywords ""Swallowing and consistency"", ""Swallowing and solid"", and ""Swallowing and pasty"", limiting the search to manuscripts published in English in the period between 2005 and 2010, and conducted with human beings over 18 years old. The methodology involved question formulation, location and selection of studies, and critical analyses of the manuscripts, according to the concepts of the Cochrane Handbook. RESULTS: Two hundred and eleven studies were identified, out of which only 18 allowed access to the full text and were directly related to the theme. CONCLUSION: The studies presented very few similarities between the applied methodologies, especially when considering assessment methods. Overall, the studies were conducted with healthy individuals or with a specific pathology, without presenting the comparison with control cases. The heterogeneity of studies allows the investigation of different swallowing disorders. However, methodological variability makes it difficult to define and generalize the identified swallowing patterns. For this reason, it is not possible to identify parameters on which to base the clinical practice of speech-language therapists, especially when considering the normal or altered physiology of swallowing different food consistencies.
- Children with cochlear implants: communication skills and quality of Life(2012) FORTUNATO-TAVARES, Talita; BEFI-LOPES, Debora; BENTO, Ricardo Ferreira; ANDRADE, Claudia Regina Furquim deGiven the multidimensional scope of cochlear implants, there is a growing need to assess clinical measures related communicative abilities and more general aspects involved in the effectiveness of treatment, such as quality of life. Aim: To translate and adapt an international questionnaire of quality of life to Brazilian Portuguese; to apply the questionnaire in parents of children with cochlear implant to assess quality of life of children after cochlear implantation; to analyze correlations among factors related to quality of life; to analyze correlations between quality of life and clinical measures of outcome. Method: prospective study in which parents of children with cochlear implants responded to validated instruments on quality of life and communication abilities. Results: The translation and adaptation of the questionnaire was satisfactorily completed. According to the data, cochlear implants had a positive effect on quality of life of the implanted children and their families. Observed correlations for the variable communication demonstrate a direct relationship between oral communication and other variables of quality of life. Conclusions: This study makes this questionnaire available in Brazilian Portuguese. For parents of Brazilian children with cochlear implants, lexical development(acquisition and use of words) is the variable that relates most to the quality of life of their children.
- Children who stutter exchange linguistic accuracy for processing speed in sentence comprehension(2017) FORTUNATO-TAVARES, Talita; HOWELL, Peter; SCHWARTZ, Richard G.; ANDRADE, Claudia R. Furquim DeComprehension of predicates and reflexives was examined in children who stutter (CWS) and children who do not stutter (CWNS) who were between 9 years, 7 months and 10 years, 2 months. Demands on working memory and manual reaction time were also assessed in two experiments that employed a four-choice picture-selection sentence comprehension task. CWS were less accurate than CWNS on the attachment of predicates. For reflexives, there was no between-group difference in accuracy, but there was a difference in speed. The two constructions induced processing at different points on a speed-accuracy continuum with CWS sacrificing accuracy to respond fast with predicates, while they maintained accuracy of reflexives by responding slower relative to CWNS. Predicates made more demands on language than nonspeech motor reaction time, whereas the reverse was the case with reflexives for CWS compared to CWNS.
- Syntactic comprehension and working memory in children with specific language impairment, autism or Down syndrome(2015) FORTUNATO-TAVARES, Talita; ANDRADE, Claudia R. F.; BEFI-LOPES, Debora; LIMONGI, Suelly O.; FERNANDES, Fernanda D. M.; SCHWARTZ, Richard G.This study examined syntactic assignment for predicates and reflexives as well as working memory effects in the sentence comprehension of children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI), Down syndrome (DS), high functioning Autism (HFA) and Typical Language Development (TLD). Fifty-seven children (35 boys and 22 girls) performed a computerised picture-selection sentence comprehension task. Predicate attachment and reflexive antecedent assignment (with working memory manipulations) were investigated. The results showed that SLI, HFA and DS children exhibited poorer overall performance than TLD children. Children with SLI exhibited similar performance to the DS and HFA children only when working memory demands were higher. We conclude that children with SLI, HFA and DS differ from children with TLD in their comprehension of predicate and reflexive structures where the knowledge of syntactic assignment is required. Working memory manipulation had different effects on syntactic comprehension depending on language disorder. Intelligence was not an explanatory factor for the differences observed in performance.
- Priming lexical em crianças fluentes e com gagueira do desenvolvimento(2013) ANDRADE, Claudia Regina Furquim de; JUSTE, Fabiola Staróbole; FORTUNATO-TAVARES, Talita MariaPURPOSE: To examine the possible relationship between lexical variables (categorization and naming) and developmental stuttering. METHODS: Thirty Brazilian Portuguese speaking children with ages ranging from 7 to 9 years and 11 months participated in the study. We applied a lexical priming paradigm to experimentally investigate whether children with developmental stuttering (Research Group) differed from their fluent peers (Control Group), with respect to reaction time in three conditions - control (without prime); semantically related prime, and semantically independent prime - of two experimental tasks: categorization and naming of the target stimulus. RESULTS: No difference between groups was observed in reaction time on the categorization task. However, there was a condition effect showing that, for both groups, reaction time was shorter in the semantically related prime condition when compared to the no prime condition. In the naming task, a between-group difference was observed in reaction time, indicating a longer reaction time in the Research Group than the Control Group. There was no condition effect on naming, i.e. the Research Group showed slower reaction time regardless of prime type. CONCLUSIONS: The results confirm the hypothesis that, in children with developmental stuttering, readiness in motor programming of speech is slowed when compared to fluent children. There is no difference between groups when the lexical function does not require speech readiness.