TALITA MARIA FORTUNATO TAVARES
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- Syntactic Structural Assignment in Brazilian Portuguese-Speaking Children With Specific Language Impairment(2012) FORTUNATO-TAVARES, Talita; ANDRADE, Claudia R. F. de; BEFI-LOPES, Debora M.; HESTVIK, Arild; EPSTEIN, Baila; TORNYOVA, Lidiya; SCHWARTZ, Richard G.Purpose: In this study, the authors examined the comprehension of sentences with predicates and reflexives that are linked to a nonadjacent noun as a test of the hierarchical ordering deficit (HOD) hypothesis. That hypothesis and more modern versions posit that children with specific language impairment (SLI) have difficulty in establishing nonadjacent (hierarchical) relations among elements of a sentence. The authors also tested whether additional working memory demands in constructions containing reflexives affected the extent to which children with SLI incorrectly structure sentences as indicated by their picture-pointing comprehension responses. Method: Sixteen Brazilian Portuguese-speaking children (8;4-10;6 [years; months]) with SLI and 16 children with typical language development (TLD) matched for age (+/- 3 months), gender, and socioeconomic status participated in 2 experiments (predicate and reflexive interpretation). In the reflexive experiment, the authors also manipulated working memory demands. Each experiment involved a 4-choice picture selection sentence comprehension task. Results: Children with SLI were significantly less accurate on all conditions. Both groups made more hierarchical syntactic construction errors in the long working memory condition than in the short working memory condition. Conclusion: The HOD hypothesis was not confirmed. For both groups, syntactic factors (structural assignment) were more vulnerable than lexical factors (prepositions) to working memory effects in sentence miscomprehension.
- Children with cochlear implants: communication skills and quality of Life(2012) FORTUNATO-TAVARES, Talita; BEFI-LOPES, Debora; BENTO, Ricardo Ferreira; ANDRADE, Claudia Regina Furquim deGiven the multidimensional scope of cochlear implants, there is a growing need to assess clinical measures related communicative abilities and more general aspects involved in the effectiveness of treatment, such as quality of life. Aim: To translate and adapt an international questionnaire of quality of life to Brazilian Portuguese; to apply the questionnaire in parents of children with cochlear implant to assess quality of life of children after cochlear implantation; to analyze correlations among factors related to quality of life; to analyze correlations between quality of life and clinical measures of outcome. Method: prospective study in which parents of children with cochlear implants responded to validated instruments on quality of life and communication abilities. Results: The translation and adaptation of the questionnaire was satisfactorily completed. According to the data, cochlear implants had a positive effect on quality of life of the implanted children and their families. Observed correlations for the variable communication demonstrate a direct relationship between oral communication and other variables of quality of life. Conclusions: This study makes this questionnaire available in Brazilian Portuguese. For parents of Brazilian children with cochlear implants, lexical development(acquisition and use of words) is the variable that relates most to the quality of life of their children.
- Syntactic comprehension and working memory in children with specific language impairment, autism or Down syndrome(2015) FORTUNATO-TAVARES, Talita; ANDRADE, Claudia R. F.; BEFI-LOPES, Debora; LIMONGI, Suelly O.; FERNANDES, Fernanda D. M.; SCHWARTZ, Richard G.This study examined syntactic assignment for predicates and reflexives as well as working memory effects in the sentence comprehension of children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI), Down syndrome (DS), high functioning Autism (HFA) and Typical Language Development (TLD). Fifty-seven children (35 boys and 22 girls) performed a computerised picture-selection sentence comprehension task. Predicate attachment and reflexive antecedent assignment (with working memory manipulations) were investigated. The results showed that SLI, HFA and DS children exhibited poorer overall performance than TLD children. Children with SLI exhibited similar performance to the DS and HFA children only when working memory demands were higher. We conclude that children with SLI, HFA and DS differ from children with TLD in their comprehension of predicate and reflexive structures where the knowledge of syntactic assignment is required. Working memory manipulation had different effects on syntactic comprehension depending on language disorder. Intelligence was not an explanatory factor for the differences observed in performance.
- Priming lexical em crianças fluentes e com gagueira do desenvolvimento(2013) ANDRADE, Claudia Regina Furquim de; JUSTE, Fabiola Staróbole; FORTUNATO-TAVARES, Talita MariaPURPOSE: To examine the possible relationship between lexical variables (categorization and naming) and developmental stuttering. METHODS: Thirty Brazilian Portuguese speaking children with ages ranging from 7 to 9 years and 11 months participated in the study. We applied a lexical priming paradigm to experimentally investigate whether children with developmental stuttering (Research Group) differed from their fluent peers (Control Group), with respect to reaction time in three conditions - control (without prime); semantically related prime, and semantically independent prime - of two experimental tasks: categorization and naming of the target stimulus. RESULTS: No difference between groups was observed in reaction time on the categorization task. However, there was a condition effect showing that, for both groups, reaction time was shorter in the semantically related prime condition when compared to the no prime condition. In the naming task, a between-group difference was observed in reaction time, indicating a longer reaction time in the Research Group than the Control Group. There was no condition effect on naming, i.e. the Research Group showed slower reaction time regardless of prime type. CONCLUSIONS: The results confirm the hypothesis that, in children with developmental stuttering, readiness in motor programming of speech is slowed when compared to fluent children. There is no difference between groups when the lexical function does not require speech readiness.