THAIS MAUAD

(Fonte: Lattes)
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Lattes
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Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina - Docente
LIM/26 - Laboratório de Pesquisa em Cirurgia Experimental, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina
LIM/05 - Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica Experimental, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina - Líder

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Assunto: Environmental Sciences ×

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Agora exibindo 1 - 10 de 27
  • article 9 Citação(ões) na Scopus
    Building knowledge in urban agriculture: the challenges of local food production in Sao Paulo and Melbourne
    (2021) AMATO-LOURENCO, Luis Fernando; BURALLI, Rafael Junqueira; RANIERI, Guilherme Reis; HEARN, Adrian H.; WILLIAMS, Chris; MAUAD, Thais
    Urban environments face multiple burdens and significant challenges related to food safety and sustainable agriculture. Urban agriculture remains fragmented and incipient in many cities worldwide. In their efforts to ensure sustainable urban food systems and provide public access to affordable and quality food, city governments must identify and pursue emerging opportunities. This study analyzed how Sao Paulo and Melbourne are working to overcome the related challenges.
  • article 46 Citação(ões) na Scopus
    Atmospheric microplastic fallout in outdoor and indoor environments in Sao Paulo megacity
    (2022) AMATO-LOURENCO, Luis Fernando; GALVAO, Luciana dos Santos; WIEBECK, Helio; CARVALHO-OLIVEIRA, Regiani; MAUAD, Thais
    Plastics are widely used by society, and their degradation into millimetre fragments, called microplastics (MPs), has become a global environmental threat to ecosystems and human health. However, airborne MPs' presence and fallout fluxes from the atmosphere are poorly understood and can vary significantly by different conditions, especially in megacities of low-and middle-income countries, where high levels of vehicular air pollution, a high-density popula-tion, high plastic use, and inadequate disposal are environmental threats related to airborne MPs. In this study, we in-vestigate the amount, chemical composition, and morphological characteristics of outdoor and indoor airborne MPs fallout in the megacity of Sao Paulo and assess the influence of weather and seasons on airborne MPs fallout. The re-sults were as follows: MPs were found in all samples with an average fallout rate of 309.40 +/- 214.71 MPs/m(2)/day in the indoor environment, and 123.20 +/- 47.09 MPs/m(2)/day in the outdoor environment; MPs concentrations were higher in the indoor environment than the outdoor environment, with more fibres than particles; polyester fibres (100%), polyethylene (59%) and polypropylene (26%) particles were the dominant polymers indoors, while in out-doors, polyester fibres (76%) and polyethylene (67%) and polyethylene terephthalate (25%) particles were dominant. Fragment was the dominant morphology of particles found in indoor and outdoor samples (64% and 74%, respec-tively). Outdoor MPs fallout correlated positively with rainfall, wind velocity, and relative humidity. This evidence is the first on airborne MPs ina Latin America megacity and highlights the relevant role that this source plays in dif-ferent environments.
  • article 12 Citação(ões) na Scopus
    Influence of Air Pollution and Soil Contamination on the Contents of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Vegetables Grown in Urban Gardens of Sao Paulo, Brazil
    (2017) AMATO-LOURENCO, Luis F.; SAIKI, Mitiko; SALDIVA, Paulo H. N.; MAUAD, Thais
    Urban community gardens (UCGs) have become prevalent worldwide and play a significant role in strengthening the sustainability of urban food systems. Although UCGs provide multiple benefits to society, the extent to which vegetables grown in them are contaminated by chemical compounds derived from airborne fallout or soil contamination is unclear. We evaluated the influence of both air pollution and the contamination of garden soil beds on the contents of 16 PAHs in the edible tissues of spinach and collard green. The PAH contents were quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS-EI). The concentrations of PAHs in both the vegetables grown in the vessels and in the soil of the UCGs were < 0.1 mu g kg(-1). The total concentrations of the 16 priority PAHs in the soil beds ranged from 132.94 to 410.50 mu g kg(-1). These levels were lower than those that have been reported from other urban areas. Principal Component Analysis resulted in two components indicating that traffic-derived emissions are the main sources of PAHs in the soil. The first component represented the compounds with higher molecular weights and had a moderate loading for the fine fraction of the soil (clay) (0.63). The second component showed a high loading for silt (0.97), including those PAHs with lower molecular weights. Our data show that spinach and collard greens do not accumulate significant PAH concentrations on their leaves over 45-day periods, whether they are raised in controlled soil or in local beds.
  • article 3 Citação(ões) na Scopus
    Effects of long-standing exposure to heavy-duty diesel vehicle traffic on respiratory symptoms and airway inflammation in older adults
    (2021) CARVALHO-OLIVEIRA, Regiani; AMATO-LOURENCO, Luis F.; ALMEIDA, Pamela S.; GARCIA, Bianca B. M.; VIEIRA, William K. M.; SANTANA, Ariane; GODINHO-NETTO, Martha Cristina Motta; CARRETERO, Maria E.; SALDIVA, Paulo H. Nascimento; MAUAD, Thais
    In the present study, we evaluated the effects of chronic exposure to traffic from a heavy-duty diesel-fueled vehicle area on respiratory symptoms and airway inflammation in a nonsmoking adult and elderly population. Respiratory symptoms were evaluated by the ISAAC questionnaire (International Study of Asthma and Allergies questionnaire), and airway inflammation was assessed by fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). Forty volunteers were selected from the 112 volunteers who completed the ISAAC questionnaire for the measurement of FeNO. The FeNO population comprised seven men (six aged >= 64 years old, four aged >= 75 years old) and 32 women (27 aged >= 64 years old, nine aged >= 75 years old). FeNO levels were tracked for six months, from November 2014 to June 2015. Results: Twenty-four percent of the volunteers reported having had wheezing in the chest in the last 12 months. However, only 2.7% of the volunteers reported doctor-diagnosed asthma. There was a positive association between FeNO and pollutants in most of the study months. An increase of 1 mg m(-3) in NO2 was associated with a mean increase of 1.08 ppb in FeNO, and an increase of 1 mg m(-3) in O-3 was associated with a mean increase of 1.06 ppb in FeNO. The relative risk for NO2 ranged from 1.009 to 1.32 and that for O-3 ranged from 1.014 to 1.020. Conclusion: The frequency of respiratory symptoms was much higher than the previously described levels of 6% in the Brazilian adult population. In summary, a high frequency of respiratory symptoms and high levels of FeNO were described in an underdiagnosed adult population living very close to a heavy-duty diesel-traffic area. Older elderly adults presented greater susceptibility to airway inflammation than younger adults.
  • article 21 Citação(ões) na Scopus
    Effectiveness of traffic-related elements in tree bark and pollen abortion rates for assessing air pollution exposure on respiratory mortality rates
    (2017) CARVALHO-OLIVEIRA, Regiani; AMATO-LOURENCO, Luis F.; MOREIRA, Tiana C. L.; SILVA, Douglas R. Rocha; VIEIRA, Bruna D.; MAUAD, Thais; SAIKI, Mitiko; SALDIVA, Paulo H. Nascimento
    The majority of epidemiological studies correlate the cardiorespiratory effects of air pollution exposure by considering the concentrations of pollutants measured from conventional monitoring networks. The conventional air quality monitoring methods are expensive, and their data are insufficient for providing good spatial resolution. We hypothesized that bioassays using plants could effectively determine pollutant gradients, thus helping to assess the risks associated with air pollution exposure. The study regions were determined from different prevalent respiratory death distributions in the Sao Paulo municipality. Samples of tree flower buds were collected from twelve sites in four regional districts. The genotoxic effects caused by air pollution were tested through a pollen abortion bioassay. Elements derived from vehicular traffic that accumulated in tree barks were determined using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF). Mortality data were collected from the mortality information program of Sao Paulo City. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to the concentrations of elements accumulated in tree barks. Pearson correlation and exponential regression were performed considering the elements, pollen abortion rates and mortality data. PCA identified five factors, of which four represented elements related to vehicular traffic. The elements Al, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn showed a strong correlation with mortality rates (R-2>0.87) and pollen abortion rates (R-2>0.82). These results demonstrate that tree barks and pollen abortion rates allow for correlations between vehicular traffic emissions and associated outcomes such as genotoxic effects and mortality data.
  • article 22 Citação(ões) na Scopus
    Human bronchial epithelial cells exposed in vitro to diesel exhaust particles exhibit alterations in cell rheology and cytotoxicity associated with decrease in antioxidant defenses and imbalance in pro- and anti-apoptotic gene expression
    (2016) SERIANI, Robson; SOUZA, Claudia Emanuele Carvalho de; KREMPEL, Paloma Gava; FRIAS, Daniela Perroni; MATSUDA, Monique; CORREIA, Aristides Tadeu; FERREIRA, Marcia Zotti Justo; ALENCAR, Adriano Mesquita; NEGRI, Elnara Marcia; SALDIVA, Paulo Hilario Nascimento; MAUAD, Thais; MACCHIONE, Mariangela
    Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) from diesel engines produce adverse alterations in cells of the airways by activating intracellular signaling pathways and apoptotic gene overexpression, and also by influencing metabolism and cytoskeleton changes. This study used human bronchial epithelium cells (BEAS-2B) in culture and evaluates their exposure to DEPs (15ug/mL for 1 and 2 h) in order to determine changes to cell rheology (viscoelasticity) and gene expression of the enzymes involved in oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cytotoxicity. BEAS-2B cells exposed to DEPs were found to have a significant loss in stiffness, membrane stability, and mitochondrial activity. The genes involved in apoptosis [B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2 and caspase-3)] presented inversely proportional expressions (p=0.05, p=0.01, respectively), low expression of the genes involved in antioxidant responses [SOD1 (superoxide dismutase 1); SOD2 (superoxide dismutase 2), and GPx (glutathione peroxidase) (p=0.01)], along with an increase in cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP1A1) (p=0.01). These results suggest that alterations in cell rheology and cytotoxicity could be associated with oxidative stress and imbalance between pro-and antiapoptotic genes.
  • article 44 Citação(ões) na Scopus
    The influence of atmospheric particles on the elemental content of vegetables in urban gardens of Sao Paulo, Brazil
    (2016) AMATO-LOURENCO, Luis Fernando; MOREIRA, Tiana Carla Lopes; SOUZA, Vanessa Cristina de Oliveira; BARBOSA JR., Fernando; SAIKI, Mitiko; SALDIVA, Paulo Hilario Nascimento; MAUAD, Thais
    Although urban horticulture provides multiple benefits to society, the extent to which these vegetables are contaminated by the absorption of chemical elements derived from atmospheric deposition is unclear. This study was designed to evaluate the influence of air pollution on leafy vegetables in community gardens of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Vegetable seedlings of Brassica oleracea var. acephala (collard greens) and Spinacia oleracea (spinach) obtained in a non-polluted rural area and growing in vessels containing standard uncontaminated soil were exposed for three consecutive periods of 30, 60 and 90 days in 10 community gardens in Sao Paulo and in one control site. The concentrations of 17 chemical elements (traffic-related elements and those essential to plant biology) were quantified by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Tillandsia usneoides L. specimens were used as air plant biomonitors. The concentrations of As, Cd, Cr and Pb found in vegetables were compared to the recommended values for consumption. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to cluster the elemental concentrations, and Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) were employed to evaluate the association of the factor scores from each PCA component with variables such as local weather, traffic burden and vertical barriers adjacent to the gardens. We found significant differences in the elemental concentrations of the vegetables in the different community gardens. These differences were related to the overall traffic burden, vertical obstacles and local weather. The Pb and Cd concentrations,in both vegetables exceeded the limit values for consumption after 60 days of exposure. A strong correlation was observed between the concentration of traffic-related elements in vegetables and in Tillandsia usneoides L An exposure response was observed between traffic burden and traffic-derived particles absorbed in the vegetables. Traffic-derived air pollution directly influences the absorption of chemical elements in leafy vegetables, and the levels of these elements may exceed the recommended values for consumption.
  • article 207 Citação(ões) na Scopus
    An emerging class of air pollutants: Potential effects of microplastics to respiratory human health?
    (2020) AMATO-LOURENCO, Luis Fernando; GALVAO, Luciana dos Santos; WEGER, Letty A. de; HIEMSTRA, Pieter S.; VIJVER, Martina G.; MAUAD, Thais
    It is increasingly recognized that the ubiquity of convenient single-use plastic has resulted in a global plastic pollution challenge, with substantial environmental and health consequences. Physical, chemical, and biological processes result in plastic weathering, with eventual formation of debris in the micro to nano size range. There is an increasing awareness that plastic fragments are dispersed in the air and can be inhaled by humans, which may cause adverse effects on the respiratory system and on other systems. Urban environments are often characterized by high concentrations of fine airborne dust from various sources. To date, however, there is limited information on the distribution, shape, and size of microplastics in the air in urban and other environments. In this article, we review and discuss our current understanding of the exposure characteristics of airborne plastic debris in urbanized areas, focusing on concentration, size, morphology, presence of additives and distributions of different polymers. The natural and extend data are compiled and compared to laboratory-based analyses to further our understanding of the potential adverse effects of inhaled plastic particles on human health.
  • article 14 Citação(ões) na Scopus
    Edible weeds: Are urban environments fit for foraging?
    (2020) AMATO-LOURENCO, Luis Fernando; RANIERI, Guilherme Reis; SOUZA, Vanessa Cristina de Oliveira; BARBOSA JUNIOR, Fernando; SALDIVA, Paulo Hilario Nascimento; MAUAD, Thais
    Foraging wild-growing edible plants (WEPs) is a re-emerging practice with increasing popularity worldwide, including in urban areas. However, in cities, this practice raises questions about the safety of foraging these plants for human consumption, due to the potential exposure of plants to higher levels of pollutants. In this study, the concentration of 12 elements (Al, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Rb, Cd, Ba and Pb) in three different WEPs (Amaranthus spp., Plantago tomentosa and Taraxacum officinale) were determined according to different traffic categories in the municipality of Sao Paulo. Additionally, plants were sampled within the inner areas of three municipal parks in the same study region. Different gradients of elemental concentrations were obtained according to the traffic categories. Freeways presented higher concentrations of several elements than local roads or parks. For the WEPs collected along freeways and some plants along arterial roads, the concentrations of Pb exceeded safety levels for human consumption. Our data suggest that foraging in large urban centres should be performed preferentially in low-traffic areas.
  • article 10 Citação(ões) na Scopus
    Inflammatory and functional responses after (bio)diesel exhaust exposure in allergic sensitized mice. A comparison between diesel and biodiesel
    (2019) TIMMERMAN, Tirza; BRITO, Jose Mara de; ALMEIDA, Natalia Madureira de; ALMEIDA, Francine Maria de; ARANTES-COSTA, Fernanda Magalhaes; GUIMARAES, Eliane Tigre; LICHTENFELS, Ana Julia Faria Coimbra; RIVERO, Dolores Helena Rodriguez Ferreira; OLIVEIRA, Regiani Carvalho de; LACERDA, Joao Paulo Amorim de; MORAES, Jamille Moreira; PIMENTAL, Danilo Augusto; SARAIVA-ROMANHOLO, Beatriz Mangueira; SALDIVA, Paulo Hilario Nascimento; VIEIRA, Rodolfo de Paula; MAUAD, Thais
    Many cities fail to meet air quality standards, which results in increased risk for pulmonary disorders, including asthma. Human and experimental studies have shown that diesel exhaust (DE) particles are associated with worsening of allergic asthma. Biodiesel (BD), a cleaner fuel from renewable sources, was introduced in the eighties. Because of the reduction in particulate matter (PM) emissions, BD was expected to cause fewer adverse pulmonary effects. However, only limited data on the effect of BD emissions in asthma are available. Objective: Determine whether BD exhaust exposure in allergic sensitized mice leads to different effects on inflammatory and functional responses compared to DE exposure. Methods: Balb/C mice were orotracheally sensitized with House Dust Mite (HDM) or a saline solution with 3 weekly instillations. From day 9 until day 17 after sensitization, they were exposed daily to filtered air (FA), DE and BD exhaust (concentration: 600 mu g/m(3) PM2.5). Lung function, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell counts, cytokine levels (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-17, TNF-alpha, TSLP) in the BALF, peribronchiolar eosinophils and parenchymal macrophages were measured. Results: HDM-sensitized animals presented increased lung elastance (p = 0.046), IgG1 serum levels (p = 0.029), peribronchiolar eosinophils (p = 0.028), BALF levels of total cells (p = 0.020), eosinophils (p = 0.028), IL-5 levels (p = 0.002) and TSLP levels (p = 0.046) in BALF. DE exposure alone increased lung elastance (p = 0.000) and BALF IL-4 levels (p = 0.045), whereas BD exposure alone increased BALF TSLP levels (p = 0.004). BD exposure did not influence any parameters after HDM challenge, while DE exposed animals presented increased BALF levels of total cells (p = 0.019), lymphocytes (p = 0.000), neutrophils (p = 0.040), macrophages (p = 0.034), BALF IL-4 levels (p = 0.028), and macrophagic inflammation in the lung tissue (p = 0.037), as well as decreased IgG1 (p = 0.046) and lgG2 (p = 0.043) levels when compared to the HDM group. Conclusion: The results indicate more adverse pulmonary effects of DE compared to BD exposure in allergic sensitized animals.