Use of Buffers in Specific Contexts: Highly Trained Female Athletes, Extreme Environments and Combined Buffering Agents-A Narrative Review

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dc.contributorSistema FMUSP-HC: Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP) e Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP
dc.contributor.authorCARR, Amelia J.
dc.contributor.authorMCKAY, Alannah K. A.
dc.contributor.authorBURKE, Louise M.
dc.contributor.authorSMITH, Ella S.
dc.contributor.authorURWIN, Charles S.
dc.contributor.authorCONVIT, Lilia
dc.contributor.authorJARDINE, William T.
dc.contributor.authorKELLY, Monica K.
dc.contributor.authorSAUNDERS, Bryan
dc.date.accessioned2024-04-05T19:36:26Z
dc.date.available2024-04-05T19:36:26Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.description.abstractThis narrative review evaluated the evidence for buffering agents (sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate and beta-alanine), with specific consideration of three discrete scenarios: female athletes, extreme environments and combined buffering agents. Studies were screened according to exclusion and inclusion criteria and were analysed on three levels: (1) moderating variables (supplement dose and timing, and exercise test duration and intensity), (2) design factors (e.g., use of crossover or matched group study design, familiarisation trials) and (3) athlete-specific factors (recruitment of highly trained participants, buffering capacity and reported performance improvements). Only 19% of the included studies for the three buffering agents reported a performance benefit, and only 10% recruited highly trained athletes. This low transferability of research findings to athletes' real-world practices may be due to factors including the small number of sodium citrate studies in females (n = 2), no studies controlling for the menstrual cycle (MC) or menstrual status using methods described in recently established frameworks, and the limited number of beta-alanine studies using performance tests replicating real-world performance efforts (n = 3). We recommend further research into buffering agents in highly trained female athletes that control or account for the MC, studies that replicate the demands of athletes' heat and altitude camps, and investigations of highly trained athletes' use of combined buffering agents. In a practical context, we recommend developing evidence-based buffering protocols for individual athletes which feature co-supplementation with other evidence-based products, reduce the likelihood of side-effects, and optimise key moderating factors: supplement dose and timing, and exercise duration and intensity.eng
dc.description.indexMEDLINE
dc.description.indexPubMed
dc.description.indexScopus
dc.description.indexDimensions
dc.description.indexWoS
dc.description.sponsorshipThis supplement is supported by the Gatorade Sports Science Institute (GSSI). The supplement was guest edited by Lawrence L. Spriet, who convened a virtual meeting of the GSSI Expert Panel in October 2022 and received honoraria from the GSSI, a division of
dc.description.sponsorshipGatorade Sports Science Institute (GSSI)
dc.identifier.citationSPORTS MEDICINE, v.53, n.SUPPL 1, suppl.1, p.25-48, 2023
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s40279-023-01872-7
dc.identifier.eissn1179-2035
dc.identifier.issn0112-1642
dc.identifier.urihttps://observatorio.fm.usp.br/handle/OPI/59093
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherADIS INT LTDeng
dc.relation.ispartofSports Medicine
dc.rightsrestrictedAccesseng
dc.rights.holderCopyright ADIS INT LTDeng
dc.subject.otherbeta-alanine supplementationeng
dc.subject.othersodium-citrate ingestioneng
dc.subject.otherinduced metabolic alkalosiseng
dc.subject.otherintensity-cycling capacityeng
dc.subject.otheraids fluid balanceeng
dc.subject.otherbicarbonate supplementationeng
dc.subject.otherblood lactateeng
dc.subject.otheranaerobic performanceeng
dc.subject.otherintermittent exerciseeng
dc.subject.otherphysiological straineng
dc.subject.wosSport Scienceseng
dc.titleUse of Buffers in Specific Contexts: Highly Trained Female Athletes, Extreme Environments and Combined Buffering Agents-A Narrative Revieweng
dc.typearticleeng
dc.type.categoryrevieweng
dc.type.versionpublishedVersioneng
dspace.entity.typePublication
hcfmusp.affiliation.countryAustrália
hcfmusp.affiliation.countryisoau
hcfmusp.author.externalCARR, Amelia J.:Deakin Univ, Ctr Sport Res, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia
hcfmusp.author.externalMCKAY, Alannah K. A.:Australian Catholic Univ, Mary MacKillop Inst Hlth Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
hcfmusp.author.externalBURKE, Louise M.:Australian Catholic Univ, Mary MacKillop Inst Hlth Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
hcfmusp.author.externalSMITH, Ella S.:Australian Catholic Univ, Mary MacKillop Inst Hlth Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
hcfmusp.author.externalURWIN, Charles S.:Deakin Univ, Ctr Sport Res, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia
hcfmusp.author.externalCONVIT, Lilia:Deakin Univ, Ctr Sport Res, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia
hcfmusp.author.externalJARDINE, William T.:Deakin Univ, Ctr Sport Res, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia
hcfmusp.author.externalKELLY, Monica K.:Deakin Univ, Ctr Sport Res, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia
hcfmusp.citation.scopus1
hcfmusp.contributor.author-fmusphcBRYAN SAUNDERS
hcfmusp.description.beginpage25
hcfmusp.description.endpage48
hcfmusp.description.issueSUPPL 1
hcfmusp.description.issuesuppl 1
hcfmusp.description.volume53
hcfmusp.origemWOS
hcfmusp.origem.dimensionspub.1165229424
hcfmusp.origem.pubmed37878211
hcfmusp.origem.scopus2-s2.0-85174735201
hcfmusp.origem.wosWOS:001090534000001
hcfmusp.publisher.cityNORTHCOTEeng
hcfmusp.publisher.countryNEW ZEALANDeng
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