Anterolateral Ligament of the Fetal Knee: An Anatomic and Histological Study

dc.contributorSistema FMUSP-HC: Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP) e Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP
dc.contributor.authorHELITO, Camilo Partezani
dc.contributor.authorTORRES, Julio Augusto do Prado
dc.contributor.authorBONADIO, Marcelo Batista
dc.contributor.authorARAGAO, Jose Aderval
dc.contributor.authorOLIVEIRA, Lucas Nogueira de
dc.contributor.authorNATALINO, Renato Jose Mendonca
dc.contributor.authorPECORA, Jose Ricardo
dc.contributor.authorCAMANHO, Gilberto Luis
dc.contributor.authorDEMANGE, Marco Kawamura
dc.date.accessioned2017-04-07T15:09:59Z
dc.date.available2017-04-07T15:09:59Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.description.abstractBackground: The anterolateral ligament (ALL) of the knee has recently been described in detail. Most studies of the ALL have been conducted in adults; therefore, little is known about the anatomy and histology of the ALL in younger patients, and nothing is known about the fetal presence of the ALL. Purpose: To evaluate the ALL in human fetuses to determine its presence or absence and to describe its microscopic anatomy and histological features compared with the findings of studies conducted in adults. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Twenty human fetal cadaveric specimens were used. The mean age of the fetuses was 28.64 3.20 weeks. The ALL was dissected in the anterolateral region of the knee, and its anatomic parameters, including its origin, insertion, and path in relation to known adjacent anatomic landmarks, in addition to its length, width, and thickness over the path toward the tibia, were measured. After dissection, the ALL was removed en bloc with a portion of the lateral meniscus for histological analysis of 4-m sections, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunohistochemical staining for type I collagen. Results: The ALL was located in all dissected knees. Its origin was located at a mean distance of 1.87 mm from the origin of the lateral collateral ligament, with variations from the center of the lateral epicondyle to posterior and proximal to it, and it exhibited an anterior-inferior path toward the tibia, an insertion in the lateral meniscus approximately 2.08 mm anterior to the popliteal tendon, and another insertion in the tibia between the Gerdy tubercle and the fibular head at 2.46 mm below the articular cartilage. The histological sections of the ALL showed well-organized, dense collagenous tissue fibers with elongated fibroblasts (mean, 1631 fibroblasts/mm(2)) and a predominance of type I collagen. Conclusion: The ALL is present during fetal development, with anatomic and histological features similar to those of the adult ALL. Clinical Relevance: The findings of this study help to better understand the ALL's anatomy and histology from the fetal period to adulthood. The study presents the existence of the ALL since fetal development, emphasizes the characterization of the ALL, and brings important information to future pediatric ALL lesion studies.
dc.description.indexMEDLINE
dc.identifier.citationAMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE, v.45, n.1, p.91-96, 2017
dc.identifier.doi10.1177/0363546516664888
dc.identifier.eissn1552-3365
dc.identifier.issn0363-5465
dc.identifier.urihttps://observatorio.fm.usp.br/handle/OPI/18898
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherSAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
dc.relation.ispartofAmerican Journal of Sports Medicine
dc.rightsrestrictedAccess
dc.rights.holderCopyright SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
dc.subjectknee ligaments
dc.subjectanatomy
dc.subjectanterolateral ligament
dc.subjectACL
dc.subjectfetal anatomy
dc.subjecthistology
dc.subject.otheranterior cruciate ligament
dc.subject.otherlength changes
dc.subject.otherreconstruction
dc.subject.otherinsertion
dc.subject.otherfibers
dc.subject.otheracl
dc.subject.wosOrthopedics
dc.subject.wosSport Sciences
dc.titleAnterolateral Ligament of the Fetal Knee: An Anatomic and Histological Study
dc.typearticle
dc.type.categoryoriginal article
dc.type.versionpublishedVersion
dspace.entity.typePublication
hcfmusp.author.externalTORRES, Julio Augusto do Prado:Univ Sao Paulo, Rua Ovidio Pires Campos,333 Cerqueira Cesar, BR-05403010 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
hcfmusp.author.externalARAGAO, Jose Aderval:Univ Sao Paulo, Rua Ovidio Pires Campos,333 Cerqueira Cesar, BR-05403010 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Univ Fed Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Brazil
hcfmusp.author.externalOLIVEIRA, Lucas Nogueira de:Univ Sao Paulo, Rua Ovidio Pires Campos,333 Cerqueira Cesar, BR-05403010 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil; Univ Fed Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Brazil
hcfmusp.citation.scopus37
hcfmusp.contributor.author-fmusphcHELITO, Camilo Partezani
hcfmusp.contributor.author-fmusphcBONADIO, Marcelo Batista
hcfmusp.contributor.author-fmusphcNATALINO, Renato Jose Mendonca
hcfmusp.contributor.author-fmusphcPECORA, Jose Ricardo
hcfmusp.contributor.author-fmusphcCAMANHO, Gilberto Luis
hcfmusp.contributor.author-fmusphcDEMANGE, Marco Kawamura
hcfmusp.description.beginpage91
hcfmusp.description.endpage96
hcfmusp.description.issue1
hcfmusp.description.volume45
hcfmusp.jcrAM J SPORT MED
hcfmusp.origemWOS
hcfmusp.origem.pubmed27624543
hcfmusp.origem.scopus2-s2.0-85008430516
hcfmusp.origem.wosWOS:000391789500010
hcfmusp.publisher.cityTHOUSAND OAKS
hcfmusp.publisher.countryUSA
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