Epidemiology of Disappearing Plasmodium vivax Malaria: A Case Study in Rural Amazonia

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dc.contributorSistema FMUSP-HC: Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP) e Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP
dc.contributor.authorBARBOSA, Susana
dc.contributor.authorGOZZE, Amanda B.
dc.contributor.authorLIMA, Nathalia F.
dc.contributor.authorBATISTA, Camilla L.
dc.contributor.authorBASTOS, Melissa da Silva
dc.contributor.authorNICOLETE, Vanessa C.
dc.contributor.authorFONTOURA, Pablo S.
dc.contributor.authorGONCALVES, Raquel M.
dc.contributor.authorVIANA, Susana Ariane S.
dc.contributor.authorMENEZES, Maria Jose
dc.contributor.authorSCOPEL, Kezia Katiani G.
dc.contributor.authorCAVASINI, Carlos E.
dc.contributor.authorMALAFRONTE, Rosely dos Santos
dc.contributor.authorSILVA-NUNES, Monica da
dc.contributor.authorVINETZ, Joseph M.
dc.contributor.authorCASTRO, Marcia C.
dc.contributor.authorFERREIRA, Marcelo U.
dc.date.accessioned2015-02-06T20:04:30Z
dc.date.available2015-02-06T20:04:30Z
dc.date.issued2014
dc.description.abstractBackground: New frontier settlements across the Amazon Basin pose a major challenge for malaria elimination in Brazil. Here we describe the epidemiology of malaria during the early phases of occupation of farming settlements in Remansinho area, Brazilian Amazonia. We examine the relative contribution of low-density and asymptomatic parasitemias to the overall Plasmodium vivax burden over a period of declining transmission and discuss potential hurdles for malaria elimination in Remansinho and similar settings. Methods: Eight community-wide cross-sectional surveys, involving 584 subjects, were carried out in Remansinho over 3 years and complemented by active and passive surveillance of febrile illnesses between the surveys. We used quantitative PCR to detect low-density asexual parasitemias and gametocytemias missed by conventional microscopy. Mixed-effects multiple logistic regression models were used to characterize independent risk factors for P. vivax infection and disease. Principal Findings/Conclusions: P. vivax prevalence decreased from 23.8% (March-April 2010) to 3.0% (April-May 2013), with no P. falciparum infections diagnosed after March-April 2011. Although migrants from malaria-free areas were at increased risk of malaria, their odds of having P. vivax infection and disease decreased by 2-3% with each year of residence in Amazonia. Several findings indicate that low-density and asymptomatic P. vivax parasitemias may complicate residual malaria elimination in Remansinho: (a) the proportion of subpatent infections (i. e. missed by microscopy) increased from 43.8% to 73.1% as P. vivax transmission declined; (b) most (56.6%) P. vivax infections were asymptomatic and 32.8% of them were both subpatent and asymptomatic; (c) asymptomatic parasite carriers accounted for 54.4% of the total P. vivax biomass in the host population; (d) over 90% subpatent and asymptomatic P. vivax had PCR-detectable gametocytemias; and (e) few (17.0%) asymptomatic and subpatent P. vivax infections that were left untreated progressed to clinical disease over 6 weeks of follow-up and became detectable by routine malaria surveillance.
dc.description.indexMEDLINE
dc.description.sponsorshipNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), United States of America [U19 AI089681, D43TW007120, K24AI068903]
dc.description.sponsorshipFundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), Brazil [2009/52729-9]
dc.description.sponsorshipFAPESP [2013/23770-6, 2009/12180-8, 2010/51938-0, 2013/17259-7]
dc.description.sponsorshipConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) of Brazil
dc.description.sponsorshipCoordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES), Brazil
dc.identifier.citationPLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES, v.8, n.8, article ID e3109, 13p, 2014
dc.identifier.doi10.1371/journal.pntd.0003109
dc.identifier.issn1935-2735
dc.identifier.urihttps://observatorio.fm.usp.br/handle/OPI/8820
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherPUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
dc.relation.ispartofPlos Neglected Tropical Diseases
dc.rightsopenAccess
dc.rights.holderCopyright PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
dc.subject.otherperuvian amazon
dc.subject.otherasymptomatic parasitemia
dc.subject.othertransmission dynamics
dc.subject.otherfalciparum infections
dc.subject.otherhypoendemic malaria
dc.subject.otheranopheles-darlingi
dc.subject.otherbrazil
dc.subject.otherregion
dc.subject.otherrondonia
dc.subject.otherrisk
dc.subject.wosInfectious Diseases
dc.subject.wosParasitology
dc.subject.wosTropical Medicine
dc.titleEpidemiology of Disappearing Plasmodium vivax Malaria: A Case Study in Rural Amazonia
dc.typearticle
dc.type.categoryoriginal article
dc.type.versionpublishedVersion
dspace.entity.typePublication
hcfmusp.affiliation.countryEstados Unidos
hcfmusp.affiliation.countryPeru
hcfmusp.affiliation.countryisope
hcfmusp.affiliation.countryisous
hcfmusp.author.externalBARBOSA, Susana:Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biomed Sci, Dept Parasitol, Sao Paulo, Brazil
hcfmusp.author.externalGOZZE, Amanda B.:Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biomed Sci, Dept Parasitol, Sao Paulo, Brazil
hcfmusp.author.externalLIMA, Nathalia F.:Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biomed Sci, Dept Parasitol, Sao Paulo, Brazil
hcfmusp.author.externalBATISTA, Camilla L.:Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biomed Sci, Dept Parasitol, Sao Paulo, Brazil
hcfmusp.author.externalBASTOS, Melissa da Silva:Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biomed Sci, Dept Parasitol, Sao Paulo, Brazil
hcfmusp.author.externalNICOLETE, Vanessa C.:Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biomed Sci, Dept Parasitol, Sao Paulo, Brazil
hcfmusp.author.externalFONTOURA, Pablo S.:Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biomed Sci, Dept Parasitol, Sao Paulo, Brazil
hcfmusp.author.externalGONCALVES, Raquel M.:Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biomed Sci, Dept Parasitol, Sao Paulo, Brazil
hcfmusp.author.externalVIANA, Susana Ariane S.:Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biomed Sci, Dept Parasitol, Sao Paulo, Brazil
hcfmusp.author.externalMENEZES, Maria Jose:Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biomed Sci, Dept Parasitol, Sao Paulo, Brazil
hcfmusp.author.externalSCOPEL, Kezia Katiani G.:Univ Fed Juiz de Fora, Inst Biol Sci, Dept Parasitol Microbiol & Immunol, Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil
hcfmusp.author.externalCAVASINI, Carlos E.:Fac Med Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Dept Dermatol Infect & Parasit Dis, Sao Paulo, Brazil
hcfmusp.author.externalSILVA-NUNES, Monica da:Univ Fed Acre, Ctr Hlth Sci & Sports, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil
hcfmusp.author.externalVINETZ, Joseph M.:Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA; Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Res & Dev Lab, Alexander von Humboldt Inst Trop Med, Lima, Peru; Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Res & Dev Lab, Dept Cellular & Mol Sci, Fac Sci, Lima, Peru
hcfmusp.author.externalCASTRO, Marcia C.:Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth & Populat, Boston, MA 02115 USA
hcfmusp.author.externalFERREIRA, Marcelo U.:Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biomed Sci, Dept Parasitol, Sao Paulo, Brazil
hcfmusp.citation.scopus78
hcfmusp.contributor.author-fmusphcROSELY DOS SANTOS MALAFRONTE
hcfmusp.description.articlenumbere3109
hcfmusp.description.issue8
hcfmusp.description.volume8
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hcfmusp.origem.scopus2-s2.0-84928966112
hcfmusp.origem.wosWOS:000341574700066
hcfmusp.publisher.citySAN FRANCISCO
hcfmusp.publisher.countryUSA
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