Assessment of asymptomatic Plasmodium spp. infection by detection of parasite DNA in residents of an extra-Amazonian region of Brazil

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dc.contributorSistema FMUSP-HC: Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP) e Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP
dc.contributor.authorALENCAR, Filomena E. C. de
dc.contributor.authorMALAFRONTE, Rosely dos Santos
dc.contributor.authorCERUTTI JUNIOR, Crispim
dc.contributor.authorFERNANDES, Licia Natal
dc.contributor.authorBUERY, Julyana Cerqueira
dc.contributor.authorFUX, Blima
dc.contributor.authorREZENDE, Helder Ricas
dc.contributor.authorDUARTE, Ana Maria Ribeiro de Castro
dc.contributor.authorMEDEIROS-SOUSA, Antonio Ralph
dc.contributor.authorMIRANDA, Angelica Espinosa
dc.date.accessioned2018-05-08T14:44:59Z
dc.date.available2018-05-08T14:44:59Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.description.abstractBackground: The hypotheses put forward to explain the malaria transmission cycle in extra-Amazonian Brazil, an area of very low malaria incidence, are based on either a zoonotic scenario involving simian malaria, or a scenario in which asymptomatic carriers play an important role. Objectives: To determine the incidence of asymptomatic infection by detecting Plasmodium spp. DNA and its role in residual malaria transmission in a non-Amazonian region of Brazil. Methods: Upon the report of the first malaria case in 2010 in the Atlantic Forest region of the state of Espirito Santo, inhabitants within a 2 km radius were invited to participate in a follow-up study. After providing signed informed consent forms, inhabitants filled out a questionnaire and gave blood samples for PCR, and thick and thin smears. Followup visits were performed every 3 months over a 21 month period, when new samples were collected and information was updated. Results: Ninety-two individuals were initially included for follow-up. At the first collection, all of them were clearly asymptomatic. One individual was positive for Plasmodium vivax, one for Plasmodium malariae and one for both P. vivax and P. malariae, corresponding to a prevalence of 3.4% (2.3% for each species). During follow-up, four new PCR-positive cases (two for each species) were recorded, corresponding to an incidence of 2.5 infections per 100 personyears or 1.25 infections per 100 person-years for each species. A mathematical transmission model was applied, using a low frequency of human carriers and the vector density in the region, and calculated based on previous studies in the same locality whose results were subjected to a linear regression. This analysis suggests that the transmission chain is unlikely to be based solely on human carriers, regardless of whether they are symptomatic or not. Conclusion: The low incidence of cases and the low frequency of asymptomatic malaria carriers investigated make it unlikely that the transmission chain in the region is based solely on human hosts, as cases are isolated one from another by hundreds of kilometers and frequently by long periods of time, reinforcing instead the hypothesis of zoonotic transmission.
dc.description.indexMEDLINE
dc.description.sponsorshipState of Espirito Santo Research Foundation (FAPES) [45617600/2009]
dc.description.sponsorshipState of Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [10/50707-5]
dc.identifier.citationMALARIA JOURNAL, v.17, article ID 113, 11p, 2018
dc.identifier.doi10.1186/s12936-018-2263-z
dc.identifier.issn1475-2875
dc.identifier.urihttps://observatorio.fm.usp.br/handle/OPI/26585
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherBIOMED CENTRAL LTD
dc.relation.ispartofMalaria Journal
dc.rightsopenAccess
dc.rights.holderCopyright BIOMED CENTRAL LTD
dc.subjectMalaria
dc.subjectPlasmodium vivax
dc.subjectPlasmodium malariae
dc.subjectAsymptomatic carrier
dc.subjectPCR
dc.subject.otheratlantic forest area
dc.subject.otherrio-de-janeiro
dc.subject.othermalaria transmission
dc.subject.othersao-paulo
dc.subject.othercircumsporozoite protein
dc.subject.otherautochthonous malaria
dc.subject.otherhigh prevalence
dc.subject.otherepidemiologic aspects
dc.subject.othernatural infection
dc.subject.otherdiptera-culicidae
dc.subject.wosInfectious Diseases
dc.subject.wosParasitology
dc.subject.wosTropical Medicine
dc.titleAssessment of asymptomatic Plasmodium spp. infection by detection of parasite DNA in residents of an extra-Amazonian region of Brazil
dc.typearticle
dc.type.categoryoriginal article
dc.type.versionpublishedVersion
dspace.entity.typePublication
hcfmusp.author.externalALENCAR, Filomena E. C. de:Univ Fed Espirito Santo, Grad Programme Infect Dis, Vitoria, Brazil
hcfmusp.author.externalCERUTTI JUNIOR, Crispim:Univ Fed Espirito Santo, Grad Programme Infect Dis, Vitoria, Brazil
hcfmusp.author.externalBUERY, Julyana Cerqueira:Univ Fed Espirito Santo, Grad Programme Infect Dis, Vitoria, Brazil
hcfmusp.author.externalFUX, Blima:Univ Fed Espirito Santo, Grad Programme Infect Dis, Vitoria, Brazil
hcfmusp.author.externalREZENDE, Helder Ricas:Espirito Santo State Dept Hlth SESA, Entomol & Malacol Unit, Vitoria, Brazil
hcfmusp.author.externalDUARTE, Ana Maria Ribeiro de Castro:Sao Paulo State Dept Hlth, Superintendency Control Endem Dis SUCEN, Sao Paulo, Brazil
hcfmusp.author.externalMEDEIROS-SOUSA, Antonio Ralph:Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Publ Hlth, Sao Paulo, Brazil
hcfmusp.author.externalMIRANDA, Angelica Espinosa:Univ Fed Espirito Santo, Grad Programme Infect Dis, Vitoria, Brazil
hcfmusp.citation.scopus13
hcfmusp.contributor.author-fmusphcROSELY DOS SANTOS MALAFRONTE
hcfmusp.contributor.author-fmusphcLICIA NATAL FERNANDES
hcfmusp.description.articlenumber113
hcfmusp.description.volume17
hcfmusp.origemWOS
hcfmusp.origem.pubmed29540186
hcfmusp.origem.scopus2-s2.0-85043787096
hcfmusp.origem.wosWOS:000427683300001
hcfmusp.publisher.cityLONDON
hcfmusp.publisher.countryENGLAND
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