Does offering human immunodeficiency virus testing at the time of blood donation reduce transfusion transmission risk and increase disclosure counseling? Results of a randomized controlled trial, SAo Paulo, Brazil

Abstract

BACKGROUNDIn a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in a blood bank in SAo Paulo, we tested the hypotheses that offering client-centered human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counseling and testing to blood donors would: 1) reduce the risk of HIV contamination in the blood supply by diverting higher-risk, test-seeking donors away from donation and 2) increase return for results and referrals to care. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe randomly selected weeks between August 2012 and May 2013 when donors were offered HIV counseling and testing (n=6298), leaving usual procedure weeks as control (n=5569). RESULTSFew candidate donors chose HIV testing (n=81, 1.3%). There was no significant difference in herpes simplex virus Type 2 (HSV-2) prevalence (a marker of sexual risk) among donors during intervention weeks compared to control (10.4% vs. 11.1%, p=0.245). No donor choosing testing was HIV infected, and there was no difference in HSV-2 prevalence between testers and donors (9.9% vs. 10.4%, p=0.887). Returning for positive results did not differ between testers and donors (three of three vs. 58 of 80, p=0.386). A higher proportion of donors acknowledged that HIV testing was a strong motivation to donate during intervention weeks compared to control (2.6% vs. 2.0%, p=0.032). CONCLUSIONThe evidence of our RCT is that offering HIV counseling and testing at the time of donation would not change the risk of contamination in the blood supply, nor improve results disclosure and referral to care.