TNF-alpha PRODUCTION AND APOPTOSIS IN HEPATOCYTES AFTER Listeria monocytogenes AND Salmonella TYPHIMURIUM INVASION

Abstract

Invasion of hepatocytes by Listeria monocytogenes (LM) and Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) can stimulate tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) release and induce apoptosis. In this study, we compared the behavior of hepatocytes invaded by three L. monocytogenes serotypes (LM-4a, LM-4b and LM-1/2a) and by ST to understand which bacterium is more effective in the infectious process. We quantified INF-alpha release by ELISA, apoptosis rates by annexin V (early apoptosis) and TUNEL (late apoptosis) techniques. The cell morphology was studied too. TNF-alpha release rate was highest in ST-invaded hepatocytes. ST and LM-1/2a induced the highest apoptosis production rates evaluated by TUNEL. LM-4b produced the highest apoptosis rate measured by annexin. Invaded hepatocytes presented various morphological alterations. Overall, LM-4b and LM-1/2a proved to be the most efficient at cell invasion, although ST adapted faster to the environment and induced earlier hepatocyte TNF-alpha release.

A invasão de hepatócitos por Listeria monocytogenes (LM) e Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) pode estimular a liberação do Fator de Necrose Tumoral (TNF-α) e induzir a apoptose celular. Neste estudo comparamos o comportamento de hepatócitos invadidos por três sorotipos de L. monocytogenes (LM-4a, LM-4b e LM-1/2a) e por ST para entender qual bacteria é mais efetiva no processo infeccioso. Nós quantificamos a liberação de TNF-α pelos hepatócitos por ELISA e as taxas de apoptose pelas técnicas de anexina V (apoptose precoce) e TUNEL (apoptose tardia). A morfologia das células foi estudada também. A taxa de liberação de TNF-α foi mais alta em hepatócitos invadidos por ST. ST e LM-1/2a induziram as maiores taxas de apoptose pelo método TUNEL, enquanto LM-4b produziu as maiores taxas de apoptose por anexina V. Os hepatócitos invadidos apresentaram várias alterações morfológicas. Na análise do conjunto de dados, os sorotipos LM-4b e LM-1/2a provaram ser os mais eficientes na invasão celular, enquanto que ST adaptou-se mais rápido ao meio e induziu a liberação precoce de TNF-α pelos hepatócitos.