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Title: | The neuroscience of sadness: A multidisciplinary synthesis and collaborative review |
Authors: | ARIAS, Juan A.; WILLIAMS, Claire; RAGHVANI, Rashmi; AGHAJANI, Moji; BAEZ, Sandra; BELZUNG, Catherine; BOOIJ, Linda; BUSATTO, Geraldo; CHIARELLA, Julian; FU, Cynthia H. Y.; IBANEZ, Agustin; LIDDELL, Belinda J.; LOWE, Leroy; PENNINX, Brenda W. J. H.; ROSA, Pedro; KEMP, Andrew H. |
Citation: | NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS, v.111, p.199-228, 2020 |
Abstract: | Sadness is typically characterized by raised inner eyebrows, lowered corners of the mouth, reduced walking speed, and slumped posture. Ancient subcortical circuitry provides a neuroanatomical foundation, extending from dorsal periaqueductal grey to subgenual anterior cingulate, the latter of which is now a treatment target in disorders of sadness. Electrophysiological studies further emphasize a role for reduced left relative to right frontal asymmetry in sadness, underpinning interest in the transcranial stimulation of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as an antidepressant target. Neuroimaging studies - including meta-analyses - indicate that sadness is associated with reduced cortical activation, which may contribute to reduced parasympathetic inhibitory control over medullary cardioacceleratory circuits. Reduced cardiac control may - in part - contribute to epidemiological reports of reduced life expectancy in affective disorders, effects equivalent to heavy smoking. We suggest that the field may be moving toward a theoretical consensus, in which different models relating to basic emotion theory and psychological constructionism may be considered as complementary, working at different levels of the phylogenetic hierarchy. |
Appears in Collections: | Artigos e Materiais de Revistas Científicas - FM/MPS Artigos e Materiais de Revistas Científicas - LIM/21 |
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