https://observatorio.fm.usp.br/handle/OPI/37032
Title: | Chronic exposure to diesel particles worsened emphysema and increased M2-like phenotype macrophages in a PPE-induced model |
Authors: | MOREIRA, Alyne Riani; CASTRO, Thamyres Barros Pereira de; KOHLER, Julia Benini; ITO, Juliana Tiyaki; SILVA, Larissa Emidio de Franca; LOURENCO, Juliana Dias; ALMEIDA, Rafael Ribeiro; SANTANA, Fernanda Roncon; BRITO, Jose Mara; RIVERO, Dolores Helena Rodriguez Ferreira; VALE, Maria Isabel Cardoso Alonso; PRADO, Carla Maximo; CAMARA, Niels Olsen Saraiva; SALDIVA, Paulo Hilario Nascimento; OLIVO, Clarice Rosa; LOPES, Fernanda Degobbi Tenorio Quirino dos Santos |
Citation: | PLOS ONE, v.15, n.1, article ID e0228393, 18p, 2020 |
Abstract: | Chronic exposure to ambient levels of air pollution induces respiratory illness exacerbation by increasing inflammatory responses and apoptotic cells in pulmonary tissues. The ineffective phagocytosis of these apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) by macrophages has been considered an important factor in these pathological mechanisms. Depending on microenvironmental stimuli, macrophages can assume different phenotypes with different functional actions. M1 macrophages are recognized by their proinflammatory activity, whereas M2 macrophages play pivotal roles in responding to microorganisms and in efferocytosis to avoid the progression of inflammatory conditions. To verify how exposure to air pollutants interferes with macrophage polarization in emphysema development, we evaluated the different macrophage phenotypes in a PPE-induced model with the exposure to diesel exhaust particles. C57BL/6 mice received intranasal instillation of porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) to induce emphysema, and the control groups received saline. Both groups were exposed to diesel exhaust particles or filtered air for 60 days according to the groups. We observed that both the diesel and PPE groups had an increase in alveolar enlargement, collagen and elastic fibers in the parenchyma and the number of macrophages, lymphocytes and epithelial cells in BAL, and these responses were exacerbated in animals that received PPE instillation prior to exposure to diesel exhaust particles. The same response pattern was found inCaspase-3 positive cell analysis, attesting to an increase in cell apoptosis, which is in agreement with the increase in M2 phenotype markers, measured by RT-PCR and flow cytometry analysis. We did not verify differences among the groups for the M1 phenotype. In conclusion, our results showed that both chronic exposure to diesel exhaust particles and PPE instillation induced inflammatory conditions, cell apoptosis and emphysema development, as well as an increase in M2 phenotype macrophages, and the combination of these two factors exacerbated these responses. The predominance of the M2-like phenotype likely occurred due to the increased demand for efferocytosis. However, M2 macrophage activity was ineffective, resulting in emphysema development and worsening of symptoms. |
Appears in Collections: | Artigos e Materiais de Revistas Científicas - FM/MPT Artigos e Materiais de Revistas Científicas - HC/ICHC Artigos e Materiais de Revistas Científicas - HC/InCor Artigos e Materiais de Revistas Científicas - LIM/05 Artigos e Materiais de Revistas Científicas - LIM/19 Artigos e Materiais de Revistas Científicas - LIM/20 Artigos e Materiais de Revistas Científicas - ODS/03 |
File | Description | Size | Format | |
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art_MOREIRA_Chronic_exposure_to_diesel_particles_worsened_emphysema_and_2020.PDF | publishedVersion (English) | 1.64 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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