Sistema FMUSP-HC: Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP) e Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSPCOSTA, Marianges Zadrozny Gouvea daPIRES, Julia Gloria LucatelliNASSER, Paulo DominguezFERREIRA, Camila da SilvaTEIXEIRA, Ana Cristina de SaPARANAGUA-VEZOZZO, Denise CerqueiraGUARITA, Dulce ReisCARRILHO, Flair JoseONO, Suzane Kioko2016-12-202016-12-202016PANCREAS, v.45, n.9, p.1330-1335, 20160885-3177https://observatorio.fm.usp.br/handle/OPI/17079Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between chronic pancreatitis and smoking or genetic mutations. Methods: The study sample comprised 148 patients with chronic pancreatitis, 110 chronic alcoholic subjects without pancreatic disease, and 297 volunteer blood donors. Results: Of the patients with chronic pancreatitis, 74% had alcoholic etiology and 26% had idiopathic pancreatitis. The frequency of smoking was 91.4% in patients with alcoholic pancreatitis, higher than 73.3% in alcoholic subjects without pancreatitis (P < 0.01). The difference in smoking frequency was not significant between the patients with idiopathic pancreatitis and blood donors. The N34S mutation of serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) was found in 2.7% of patients with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis, in 5.3% of patients with idiopathic pancreatitis, and in 0.4% of blood donors (P = 0.02). The P55S mutation of SPINK1 was found in 2.7% of patients with alcoholic pancreatitis and in 0.7% of blood donors (P = 0.12). The R254W mutation of chymotrypsin C was found in 0.9% of patients with alcoholic pancreatitis, in 0.9% of chronic alcoholic subjects without pancreatitis, and in 0.4% of blood donors (P = 0.75). In all cases, the mutations were heterozygous. Conclusions: Smoking and the N34S mutation of SPINK1 were positively correlated with chronic pancreatitis.engrestrictedAccessepidemiologyetiologychronic pancreatitisgeneticssmokingcigarette-smokingprotease inhibitorrisk-factorgenenationwidecancerclassificationepidemiologyassociationprevalencearticleCopyright LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS10.1097/MPA.0000000000000650Gastroenterology & Hepatology1536-4828