Sistema FMUSP-HC: Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP) e Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSPWITKIN, Steven S.LINHARES, Lara M.2016-02-112016-02-112015MBIO, v.6, n.5, article ID e01485-15, 2p, 20152150-7511https://observatorio.fm.usp.br/handle/OPI/12856A lactobacillus-dominant vaginal microbiota has been shown to decrease heterosexual HIV transmission. Nunn et al. now report that a vaginal microbiota dominated by Lactobacillus crispatus is associated with a relative inability of HIV pseudoviral particles to transverse cervicovaginal mucus CVM) in vitro [mBio 65): e01084-15, 2015, doi: 10.1128/mBio.01084-15]. The purported inhibitory mechanism is the interaction between carboxyl groups present on HIV and in CVM that occurred only under acidic conditions when carboxyl groups were protonated. L. crispatus produces high levels of lactic acid and results in the lowest vaginal pH when it is the dominant vaginal bacterium. In addition, high levels of lactic acid inhibit the proliferation of other bacteria that might negatively affect CVM structure. The utility of enhancing L. crispatus dominance to inhibit HIV transmission awaits assessment of the influence of ejaculated semen on this property and investigations on the role of Lactobacillus products such as D-lactic acid in this property.engopenAccessgenital-tracttransmissionarticleCopyright AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY10.1128/mBio.01485-15Microbiology