Sistema FMUSP-HC: Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP) e Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSPGODOY-SANTOS, A.L.LOPES, D.GIAROLA, I.CESAR NETTO, C. deRAMMELT, S.2020-04-032020-04-032019FUSS UND SPRUNGGELENK, v.17, n.2, p.68-74, 20191619-9987https://observatorio.fm.usp.br/handle/OPI/35738Background: Despite advances in malleolar fractures treatment, the overall risk to develop posttraumatic ankle osteoarthritis after 20 years is almost 40%, especially bimalleolar Weber type B and C fractures and fractures involving the posterior tibial rim. Methods: We performed a systematic literature review of clinical studies targeting the changes in cartilage, synovial cells and synovial fluid after malleolar fractures. Results: The acute ankle injury initiates a sequence of biological events potentially leading to progressive articular surface damage resulting from inflammatory changes in cartilage, synovial tissue and synovial fluid. Conclusion: A better understanding of the molecular and histological changes induced by acute trauma may potentially lead to novel, targeted treatment of malleolar fractures besides anatomical reduction and adequate stabilization. © 2019porrestrictedAccessAnkle fractureCartilageOsteoarthritisSynovialarticleCopyright ELSEVIER GMBH10.1016/j.fuspru.2019.03.002