Sistema FMUSP-HC: Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP) e Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSPMIGUEIS, D. P.LOPES, M. C.CASELLA, E.SOARES, P. V.SOSTER, L.SPRUYT, K.2023-04-142023-04-142023SLEEP MEDICINE REVIEWS, v.69, article ID 101770, 14p, 20231087-0792https://observatorio.fm.usp.br/handle/OPI/53234This systematic review aims to assess the association between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and restless legs syndrome (RLS) in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Sys-tematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Databases were searched for original articles that reported prevalence data on ADHD and RLS until January 24th, 2023. Two independent reviewers evaluated the quality of the articles using the National Institutes of Health assessment tool. Among the 208 articles identified between 1996 and 2022, 29 were included. In large general population studies, 2.6-15.3% of participants met the RLS criteria, of which 3.2-17.4% presented with ADHD. In the ADHD group, RLS symptoms ranged from 11 to 42.9% in children and 20-33.0% in adults. This suggests a strong co-occurrence between RLS and ADHD. A common characteristic of these conditions is sleep fragmen-tation, as discussed in the reviewed papers. Although large-scale studies with comparable diagnostic criteria across the lifespan are required, our findings may advocate a possible common physiological pathway, including sleep fragmentation and dopaminergic system impairment.(c) 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.engrestrictedAccessRestless legs syndromeWillis-Ekbom diseaseWilles Ekbom syndromeAttention deficit disorders with hyperactivityAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderalternating pattern capperiodic limb movementsdeficit/hyperactivity disorderiron-deficiencydiagnostic-criteriasleep disordertime structuresample-sizeadult adhdchildrenarticleCopyright W B SAUNDERS CO LTD10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101770Clinical NeurologyNeurosciences1532-2955