Sistema FMUSP-HC: Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP) e Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSPCORDEIRO, Patricia Azevedo SoaresASSONE, TatianePRATES, GabrielaTEDESCHI, Marcia Regina MartinezFONSECA, Luiz Augusto MarcondesCASSEB, Jorge2022-12-212022-12-212022REVISTA DO INSTITUTO DE MEDICINA TROPICAL DE SAO PAULO, v.64, article ID e64, 9p, 20220036-4665https://observatorio.fm.usp.br/handle/OPI/50491Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) plays a crucial role in viral infections by preventing viral replication and in the promotion of innate and adaptive immune responses. However, IFN-gamma can exert distinct effects in different persistent viral infections. The long-term overproduction of IFN-gamma in retroviral infections, such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), and human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), resulting in inflammation, may cause neuronal damage. This review is provocative about the role of IFN-gamma during persistent retroviral infections and its relationship with the causation of some neurological disorders that are important for public health.engopenAccessRetrovirusesHIVHTLV-1HERVsInterferon-gammaImmune regulationhuman endogenous retrovirusesmultiple-sclerosisinterferon-gammahtlv-1 infectionhiv-infectionexpressionalphamechanismselementsham/tsparticleCopyright INST MEDICINA TROPICAL SAO PAULO10.1590/S1678-9946202264064Infectious DiseasesParasitologyTropical Medicine1678-9946