Sistema FMUSP-HC: Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP) e Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSPGIACOMIN, N. T.STIVAL, L. R. S.2023-12-042023-12-042022Giacomin, N. T.; Stival, L. R. S.. Intrastromal Corneal Rings and Photorefractive Keratectomy. In: . Keratoconus: A Comprehensive Guide to Diagnosis and Treatment: SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING, 2022. p.767-772.978-303085361-7; 978-303085360-0https://observatorio.fm.usp.br/handle/OPI/57238The visual rehabilitation for keratoconic corneas requires addressing three concerns: halting the ectatic process, improving corneal shape, and minimizing the residual refractive error. ICRS implantation can improve the corneal shape and hence the visual quality and reduce the refractive error; PRK can treat part of the refractive error. The prior use of ICRS induces corneal flattening and reduces keratometric astigmatism allowing a controlled PRK treatment with minimal tissue ablation. Although a combination of PRK + ICRS when associated to CXL demonstrated to be an effective and safe option for correcting mild refractive errors and improving visual acuity, studies with larger cohorts and longer follow-up periods are needed to determine which refractive procedure and/or sequence are most suitable for each case. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.engrestrictedAccessComplicationsIntraestromal corneal ringKeratoconusPRKRefractive surgerybookPartCopyright SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING10.1007/978-3-030-85361-7_64