Sistema FMUSP-HC: Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP) e Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSPDUARTE, Cristiane Mendes de AlmeidaPIAZZON, Flavia BalboROCCO, Isadora SalvadorMELLO, Claudia Berlim de2024-04-052024-04-052023JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA, v.99, n.5, p.507-513, 20230021-7557https://observatorio.fm.usp.br/handle/OPI/59099Toinvestigatetheperformanceof27childrenwithphenylketonuria(PKU) intestsofExecutiveFunctions( EF) andSocialCognition(SC), andtheirassociationswithmetaboliccontrolinferredbyphenylalanine( Phe) levels. Methods: ThePKUgroupwasdichotomizedaccordingtobaselinePhe-levelsinto;""classicalPKU""( n= 14), withPhe-levelsabove1200mmol/L(> 20mg/dL); and""mildPKU""(n= 13) withPhebetween360and1200mmol/L(6-20mg/dL). TheneuropsychologicalassessmentfocusedontheEFandSCsubtestsoftheNEPSYIIbatteryandintellectualperformance. Childrenwerecomparedtoagematchedhealthyparticipants. Results: ParticipantswithPKUpresentedsignificantlylowerIntellectualQuotient(IQ) comparedtocontrols( p= 0.001). RegardingEFanalysisadjustedbyageandIQ, significantdifferencesbetweengroupswereobservedonlyintheexecutiveattentionsubtests( p= 0.029). TheSCsetofvariableswassignificantlydifferentbetweengroups( p= 0.003), asintheaffectiverecognitiontask(p< 0.001). InthePKUgroup, therelativevariationofPhe-achieved32.1 +/- 21.0%. RelativePhe-variationwascorrelatedonlywithmeasuresofWorkingMemory(p< 0.001), VerbalFluency( p= 0.004), InhibitoryControl(p= 0.035) andTheoryofMind(p= 0.003). Conclusions: PhonologicalVerbalFluency, WorkingMemory, InhibitoryControl, andTheoryofMindwereshowntobemostvulnerablewhenthereisnonidealmetaboliccontrol. VariationsinthelevelofPhemayhaveaselectivenegativeeffectonExecutiveFunctionsandSocialCogni- tion, butnotonintellectualperformance.engopenAccessPhenylketonuriaDiettherapyCognitionExecutivefunctionsTheoryofmindearly-treated phenylketonuriaphenylalaninechildrendiagnosisadultspkuarticleCopyright SOC BRASIL PEDIATRIA10.1016/j.jped.2023.04.003Pediatrics1678-4782