Sistema FMUSP-HC: Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP) e Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSPFERRUFINO, Rosario QuirogaRODRIGUES, CamilaFIGUEIREDO, Gerusa MariaGLEISON, DanielYAPURA, SilviaMATOS, Maria Laura Mariano deWITKIN, Steven S. S.MENDES-CORREA, Maria Cassia2023-04-142023-04-142023VIRUSES-BASEL, v.15, n.2, article ID 314, 10p, 2023https://observatorio.fm.usp.br/handle/OPI/53052Introduction: The objective of the present study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological aspects of recently acquired hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and the frequency of its spontaneous clearance in a people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) cohort. Methods: We reviewed the medical records from all PLWH at the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) outpatient reference clinic affiliated with the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil, and identified, by immunoassays and RNA-PCR individuals who acquired HCV infection between January 2015 and December 2017. The factors associated with subsequent spontaneous clearance of the infection in this group were identified and analyzed. Results: Among 3143 PLWH individuals, 362 (11.5%) were coinfected with HCV. Forty-eight (13.2%) of these subjects first became HCV-positive between January 2015 and December 2017. Spontaneous HCV clearance was documented in 23 individuals (47.9%). The majority of this latter group were male (83.3%), and the median age was 31 years (23-39). The main risk group for HCV acquisition was men who had sex with men (MSM) (89.5%). In a multivariate analysis, only an elevated CD4+ T lymphocyte count at the time of seroconversion was found to be associated with subsequent HCV clearance (p = 0.025). Conclusions: In HIV-infected individuals in Sao Paulo, Brazil, most cases of recent HCV transmission were by sexual exposure. In PLWH, particularly in MSM, the individual's CD4+ T lymphocyte count is a determinant of whether an acquired HCV infection will be prolonged or will spontaneously clear.engopenAccessHIVcoinfectionrecently acquired hepatitis C infectionspontaneous clearanceimmunityacute HCVinjecting drug-userssexual transmissioninfectionhcvreinfectionresponsescouplescohortil28bhostarticleCopyright MDPI10.3390/v15020314Virology1999-4915