JOSE RICARDO DE CARVALHO MESQUITA AYRES
Projetos de Pesquisa
Unidades Organizacionais
Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina - Docente
LIM/39 - Laboratório de Processamento de Dados Biomédicos, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina - Líder
LIM/39 - Laboratório de Processamento de Dados Biomédicos, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina - Líder
39 resultados
Resultados de Busca
Agora exibindo 1 - 10 de 39
article 5 Citação(ões) na Scopus Desenvolvimento histórico-epistemológico da epidemiologia e do conceito de risco(2011) AYRES, Jose Ricardo de Carvalho MesquitaStatistical reasoning in health practice was disseminated by epidemiology and is widely used in various health fields. This paper revisits the historical development of epidemiology and the concept of risk, responsible for the use of statistical chance as part of causal thinking in health sciences. The study covered the period from 1872 to 1965, and the documental base consisted of scientific articles related to the development of epidemiology as a field, particularly in the American Journal of Hygiene, as well as scientific books. Three phases were identified in the development of epidemiology: constitution, exposure, and risk. The article proceeds to discuss epistemological and social and health aspects required for the historical understanding of each phase. It concludes by stressing the relevance of critical reflection on epidemiological science and its relationship to health practice, especially in public health, in order to optimize its current use and foster its on-going creative reconstruction.article 3 Citação(ões) na Scopus A consulta homeopática: examinando seu efeito em pacientes da atenção básica(2013) SALLES, Sandra Abrahão Chaim; AYRES, José Ricardo de Carvalho MesquitaThis paper analyzes the results from research that investigated the contribution of experimental inclusion of homeopathic care at a teaching healthcare center, focusing on comprehensiveness of care. The effects of the homeopathic consultation on users' perspectives were examined using data obtained from a group of patients who were followed up for a mean period of 12 months. These participants' narratives in focus groups and the results obtained through applying a questionnaire developed in Scotland were used to evaluate the effects the medical consultations within primary care. The results suggest that, as a form of care technology, the homeopathic approach used in this study favors comprehensiveness and contains qualities that merit greater attention and a more extensive investigation so that it can be evaluated with regard to its different models for inclusion within public healthcare.- Desenvolvimentismo e preventivismo nas raízes da Saúde Coletiva: reformas do ensino e criação de escolas médicas e departamentos de medicina preventiva no estado de São Paulo (1948-1967)(2018) MOTA, André; SCHRAIBER, Lilia Blima; AYRES, José Ricardo de Carvalho MesquitaThe US medical reform in the 1940's and 1950's included schools of thinking with unique developments and several change strategies, even though they eventually converged in a set of ideas referred under the term Preventive Medicine. In order to expand this movement to Latin America and to make it coalesce in a common proposal, Pan American Health Organization (Opas) and Mondial Health Organization (OMS) supported a series of meetings organized to that end. Their impact was felt in Sao Paulo state, resulting in the outcropping of new Medical Schools, especially outside the capital city, as well as in a reorganization of previous ones, creating Preventive Medicine, Social Medicine or Public Health Medicine departments. This particular historical moment, specifically from 1948-1967, was examined through documents dealing with the history of those departments and interviews with pioneers of Collective Health in Sao Paulo.
- Critique of the concept of motivation and its implications for healthcare practices(2019) SAMPAIO, Leonardo Augusto Negreiros Parente Capela; AYRES, Jose Ricardo de Carvalho MesquitaBackground Motivation is a crucial and widespread theme within medicine. From clinical to surgical scenarios, acquiescence in taking a pill or coming to a consultation is imperative for medical treatment to thrive. The ""decade of the brain"" gave practitioners substantial neuroscientific data on human behavior, helped to explain why people do what they do and created the concept of ""motivated brain"". Findings from empirical psychology stratified motivation into stages of change, which became more complex over the decades. This research seeks to improve the understanding of how people make decisions about their health, and how to better understand strategies and techniques to help them resolve ambivalence in an effective goal-oriented way. Methods We establish a dialogue with Ricoeur's phenomenology of the will in order to understand the meaning of these scientific findings. Starting from Husserlian phenomenology, Paul Ricoeur developed his thoughts away from transcendental idealism, through emancipating the intentional structures of the will from the realm of perception. Results Through introducing the concepts of the voluntary and the involuntary, Ricoeur deviated from Cartesian dualism, which renders the body as an object body, a target of natural vicissitudes. The new dualism of the voluntary and the involuntary is dealt with by reference to what Ricoeur called the central mystery of incarnate existence, which considers man ""double in humanity, simple in vitality"". This duality makes it possible to consider the brain to be the natural organ of behavior in the human body, and to use empirical psychology as a path to escape from shallow subjectivations of concepts. Conclusions Paul Ricoeur's simplicity (or unity) of existence provides an invitation for medicine to rethink some of its philosophical assumptions, such that patients can be considered to be autonomous subjects with authorial life projects. Ricoeurian anthropology has a deep ethical impact on how medicine should use technology, which arises from empirical psychology findings. The usage of this new knowledge also needs to be thoroughly inspected, since it shifts the social role of medical science.
- Integralidade e tecnologias de atenção à saúde: uma narrativa sobre contribuições conceituais à construção do princípio da integralidade no SUS(2016) KALICHMAN, Artur Olhovetchi; AYRES, Jose Ricardo de Carvalho MesquitaComprehensiveness is the most challenging principle for building health reform in the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS). This study aims to identify critical moments in the conceptual debate on comprehensiveness and its contributions to reflection on healthcare technologies in the SUS. The essay addresses some conceptual constructs that approach comprehensiveness as an underlying principle in health programs and actions at various levels and in various dimensions of the healthcare organization from intersubjective interactions to the organization of regional networks. The study was based on a nonsystematic literature review on comprehensiveness and related themes in the Brazilian public health field in the last five decades. The study proposed a chronology/typology spanning the 1960s to the 2010s, divided into four significant periods or categories. The narrative is not intended to be exhaustive, but to build a comprehensive reference base capable of contributing to analyses, assessments, and debates on healthcare organization in the SUS according to the comprehensiveness principle.
- Vulnerabilidade, Cuidado e integralidade: reconstruções conceituais e desafios atuais para as políticas e práticas de cuidado em HIV/Aids(2022) AYRES, José RicardoABSTRACT Health practices in general, and the response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic in particular, are going through a critical and challenging period in Brazil’s current social and political context. This essay aimed to discuss some of these challenges and the conceptual constructs that are considered relevant as resources for facing them. The reflection highlights resistance to biomedicalization, to individualizing approaches and to the abandonment of the perspective of human rights as major challenges in the fight against AIDS, and discusses how the reconstructive concepts of vulnerability, care, and integrality, developed in the context of the health reform, the conformation of the Unified Health System (SUS), and the very construction of the Brazilian response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic can bring relevant subsidies to resist the dismantling of the achievements conquered and the construction of new emancipating paths for collective health.
- Caminhos da integralidade: adolescentes e jovens na Atenção Primária à Saúde(2012) AYRES, José Ricardo de Carvalho Mesquita; CARVALHO, Yara Maria de; NASSER, Mariana Arantes; SALTÃO, Rodrigo Marcinkevicius; MENDES, Valéria MonteiroAdolescents and young adults constitute an important challenge in constructing comprehensiveness within primary healthcare. This is because of the complexity of understanding and responding to their set of healthcare needs, consequent to the growth and development process that is characteristic of this phase, and especially to the related sociocultural factors. The present study sought to recognize the reach and limits of how the comprehensiveness principle has been operated at a primary healthcare unit. Although it was possible to identify effective perception of the specific healthcare needs of this group, it was also possible to observe important limitations relating to construction of care projects capable of integrating the various aims of the day-to-day work, insufficiency of professional and sectorial interactions, and weaknesses in communications among professionals and between professionals and users.
- O aleitamento materno na perspectiva da vulnerabilidade programática e do cuidado(2013) SOUZA, Sarah Nancy Deggau Hegeto de; MELLO, Débora Falleiros de; AYRES, José Ricardo de Carvalho MesquitaBased on experiences and reflections reported by health professionals, the aim of this study was to critically analyze the actions, situations, and decisions in healthcare services that involve breastfeeding, examining aspects that favor or limit its possibilities. This was a qualitative study based on the conceptual framework of vulnerability and healthcare, using focus groups with 25 healthcare professionals participating in the Committee on Breastfeeding in Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil. The material was produced with a comprehensive format, focusing on questions that involved the breastfeeding process and its approaches and decisions. The study raises issues for understanding how the way mothers and families deal with breastfeeding is linked to organization of the practices and individual and social aspects, requiring integration between practical and technical/scientific knowledge. The article portrays the complexity of healthcare for women and children, allowing an enhanced approach to routine healthcare and the related strategies for breastfeeding.
- Necessidades de saúde da pessoa com deficiência: a perspectiva dos sujeitos por meio de histórias de vida(2012) OTHERO, Marilia Bense; AYRES, José Ricardo de Carvalho MesquitaThis study aimed to identify the healthcare needs of people with disabilities, from the subjects' perspective. We conducted a qualitative study, through the life history technique. The study included people with congenital or acquired physical, hearing and visual disabilities who were attended through the Brazilian national health system (SUS). Their experience of disability; independence, autonomy and support; access and rights; the meaning of the interventions; and actions and strategies were discussed. In relation to healthcare needs, eleven strands were listed: access; psychosocial support; general health issues; autonomy and independence; dispensing of assistive technology equipment and devices; information/guidance; prevention/early diagnosis; recognition and guaranteeing of rights; (re)encountering of meaningful activities; validation and help in building subjects' own coping strategies; and bonding with healthcare professional. It was found that the needs identified by the subjects included specific aspects of healthcare, but also encompassed other dimensions, thus indicating the importance of comprehensive intersectoral actions.
- Nurses and health care for gay adolescents(2022) MELO, Luan Sudario; BONELLI, Maria Aparecida; AYRES, Jose Ricardo de Carvalho Mesquita; SILVA, Glauber Weder dos Santos; BORGES, Flavio Adriano; WERNET, MonikaObjective: to analyze nurses’ statements about health care for gay adolescents. Method: qualitative study, anchored on the Thematic Analysis of Clarke and Braun, with adoption of Symbolic Interactionism as a theoretical framework, since it favors the understanding of the relationship between behaviors, interactions, and social meanings. Twelve nurses recruited using the snowball sampling technique were remotely interviewed via the Google Meet® video-conferencing app. Results: four themes were elaborated throughout the comprehensive-interpretative process: “Gay adolescents, agendas, and relation with health;” “The gay adolescent’s family and care;” “Relationship with gay adolescents in care,” and “Limits to nursing care for gay adolescents.” Conclusion: the statements denounce stigmas and symbols derived from cisheteronormativity as intervening in the relationship and indicate the urgency of investing in the intersubjective encounter with gay adolescents and their families in a horizontal, affective, and empathic relationship, with chances of favoring public defense of the right to health. There are comments on the nurses’ attitude and qualification of care for this population.