JEFFERSON LUIS VIEIRA
Projetos de Pesquisa
Unidades Organizacionais
Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina - Médico
5 resultados
Resultados de Busca
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- Docinhos e ensaios de não inferioridade: uma experiência pedagógica criativa(2014) MORAES, David William; MOREIRA, Daniel Medeiros; VIEIRA, Jefferson Luís; PICCOLI JR., Antonio Luiz; PELLANDA, Lucia CamposNew challenges in education parallel with knowledge expansion. New research techniques have enabled major discoveries in science, together with a growing complexity of the studied themes. Students, part of the dynamic universe of the Internet, have also evolved and no longer fit the requirements of traditional pedagogy. For these new realities the way to educate in the twenty-first century requires a creative effort from educators, in order to convey knowledge that is increasingly complex. As an illustration of this new situation, we bring the report of a pedagogical experiment that sought, with the creativity of a fictitious intervention, to support the teaching of non-inferiority clinical trials. The experiment managed to show the usefulness of such clinical trials when there is the need to test the efficacy of treatments. The use of sweets and the participation of students as the test subjects constitute an active methodology, bringing students closer to their subject of study. The exercise conducted is in line with the pedagogical models suggested by the meaningful learning theory and can be used as a benchmark for similar initiatives.
- Respiratory Filter Reduces the Cardiovascular Effects Associated With Diesel Exhaust Exposure A Randomized, Prospective, Double-Blind, Controlled Study of Heart Failure: The FILTER-HF Trial(2016) VIEIRA, Jefferson L.; GUIMARAES, Guilherme V.; ANDRE, Paulo A. de; CRUZ, Fatima D.; SALDIVA, Paulo H. Nascimento; BOCCHI, Edimar A.OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to test the effects of a respiratory filter intervention (filter) during controlled pollution exposure. BACKGROUND Air pollution is considered a risk factor for heart failure (HF) decompensation and mortality. METHODS This study was a double-blind, randomized to order, controlled, 3-way crossover, single-center clinical trial. It enrolled 26 patients with HF and 15 control volunteers. Participants were exposed in 3 separate sessions to clean air, unfiltered diesel exhaust exposure (DE), or filtered DE. Endpoints were endothelial function assessed by using the reactive hyperemia index (RHi), arterial stiffness, serum biomarkers, 6-min walking distance, and heart rate variability. RESULTS In patients with HF, DE was associated with a worsening in RHi from 2.17 (interquartile range [IQR]: 1.8 to 2.5) to 1.72 (IQR: 1.5 to 2.2; p = 0.002) and an increase in B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) from 47.0 pg/ml (IQR: 17.3 to 118.0 pg/ml) to 66.5 pg/ml (IQR: 26.5 to 155.5 pg/ml; p = 0.004). Filtration reduced the particulate concentration (325 +/- 31 mu g/m(3) vs. 25 +/- 6 mu g/m(3); p < 0.001); in the group with HF, filter was associated with an improvement in RHi from 1.72 (IQR: 1.5 to 2.2) to 2.06 (IQR: 1.5 to 2.6; p = 0.019) and a decrease in BNP from 66.5 pg/ml (IQR: 26.5 to 155.5 pg/ml) to 44.0 pg/ml (IQR: 20.0 to 110.0 pg/ml; p = 0.015) compared with DE. In both groups, DE decreased the 6-min walking distance and arterial stiffness, although filter did not change these responses. DE had no effect on heart rate variability or exercise testing. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this trial is the first to show that a filter can reduce both endothelial dysfunction and BNP increases in patients with HF during DE. Given these potential benefits, the widespread use of filters in patients with HF exposed to traffic-derived air pollution may have beneficial public health effects and reduce the burden of HF. (Effects of Air Pollution Exposure Reduction by Filter Mask on Heart Failure; NCT01960920) (C) 2016 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.
- Role of Vascular Inflammation in Coronary Artery Disease: Potential of Anti-inflammatory Drugs in the Prevention of Atherothrombosis(2015) MOREIRA, Daniel Medeiros; SILVA, Roberto Leo da; VIEIRA, Jefferson Luis; FATTAH, Tammuz; LUENEBERG, Maria Emilia; GOTTSCHALL, Carlos Antonio MasciaCoronary artery disease (CAD) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are inflammatory pathologies, involving interleukins (ILs), such as IL-1 beta, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and acute phase proteins production, such as for C reactive protein (CRP). The process begins with retention of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and its oxidation inside the intima, with the formation of the ""foam cells."" Toll-like receptors and inflamassomes participate in atherosclerosis formation, as well as in the activation of the complement system. In addition to innate immunity, adaptive immunity is also associated with atherosclerosis through antigen-presenting cells, T and B lymphocytes. AMI also increases the expression of some ILs and promotes macrophage and lymphocyte accumulation. Reperfusion increases the expression of anti-inflammatory ILs (such as IL-10) and generates oxygen free radicals. Although CAD and AMI are inflammatory disorders, the only drugs with anti-inflammatory effect so far widely used in ischemic heart disease are aspirin and statins. Some immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive promising therapies, such as cyclosporine and colchicine, may have benefits in CAD. Methotrexate also has potential cardioprotective anti-inflammatory effects, through increased adenosine levels. The TETHYS trial (The Effects of mETHotrexate Therapy on ST Segment Elevation MYocardial InfarctionS trial) will evaluate low-dose methotrexate in ST elevation AMI. The CIRT (Cardiovascular Inflammation Reduction Trial), in turn, will evaluate low-dose methotrexate in patients with a high prevalence of subclinical vascular inflammation. The CANTOS (The Canakinumab Antiinflammatory Thrombosis Outcomes Study) will evaluate canakinumab in patients with CAD and persistently elevated CRP. The blockage of other potential targets, such as the IL-6 receptor, CC2 chemokine receptor and CD20, could bring benefits in CAD.
- Effects of reducing exposure to air pollution on submaximal cardiopulmonary test in patients with heart failure: Analysis of the randomized, double-blind and controlled FILTER-HF trial(2016) VIEIRA, Jefferson L.; GUIMARAES, Guilherme V.; ANDRE, Paulo A. de; SALDIVA, Paulo H. Nascimento; BOCCHI, Edimar A.Background: Air pollution exposure could mitigate the health benefits of exercise in patients with heart failure (HF). We tested the effects of a respiratory filter on HF patients exposed to air pollution during exercise. Methods and Results: Ancillary analysis of the FILTER-HF trial, focused on the exercise outcomes. In a randomized, double-blind, 3-way crossover design, 26 HF patients and 15 control volunteers were exposed to clean air, unfiltered dilute diesel engine exhaust (DE), or filtered DE for 6 min during a submaximal cardiopulmonary testing in a controlled-exposure facility. Prospectively collected data included six-minute walking test [6mwt], VO2, VE/VCO2 Slope, O(2)Pulse, pulmonary ventilation [VE], tidal volume, VD/Vt, oxyhemoglobin saturation and CO2-rebreathing. Compared to clean air, DE adversely affected VO2 (11.0 +/- 3.9 vs. 8.4 +/- 2.8 ml/kg/min; p < 0.001); 6mwt (243.3 +/- 13.0 vs. 220.8 +/- 13.7 m; p = 0.030); and O(2)Pulse (8.9 +/- 1.0 vs. 7.8 +/- 0.7 ml/beat; p < 0.001) in HF patients. Compared to DE, filtration reduced the particulate concentration from 325 +/- 31 to 25 +/- 6 mu g/m(3), and was associated with an increase in VO2 (10.4 +/- 3.8 ml/kg/min; p < 0.001 vs. DE) and O(2)Pulse (9.7 +/- 1.1 ml/beat; p < 0.001 vs. DE) in patients with HF. Filtration was associated with higher VE and CO2-rebreathing in both groups. VE/VCO2 Slope was higher among patients with HF. Conclusion: DE adversely affects exercise capacity in patients with HF. A simple respiratory filter can reduce the adverse effects of pollution on VO2 and O(2)Pulse. Given the worldwide prevalence of exposure to traffic-related air pollution, these findings are relevant for public health especially in this highly susceptible population. The filter intervention holds great promise that needs to be tested in future studies.
- Systemic effects of controlled exposure to diesel exhaust: a meta-analysis from randomized controlled trials(2017) VIEIRA, Jefferson Luis; MACEDO, Francisco Yuri; BENJO, Alexandre Miguel; GUIMARAES, Guilherme V.; CONTRERAS, Johanna Paola; BOCCHI, Edimar A.Introduction: Ambient air pollution is associated with adverse cardiovascular events. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the short-term association between air pollution and cardiovascular effects on healthy volunteers. Methods: We searched databases to identify randomized trials with controlled human exposures to either of two models for studying ambient particulate matter: diesel-exhaust or concentrated ambient particles. Estimates of size effect were performed using standardized mean difference (SMD). Heterogeneity was assessed with I-2 statistics. Outcomes were vascular function estimated by forearm blood flow (FBF), blood pressure, heart rate, and blood analysis. Results: Database searches yielded 17 articles (n=342) with sufficient information for meta-analyses. High levels of heterogeneity for the some outcomes were analyzed using random-effects model. The pooled effect estimate showed that short-term exposure to air pollution impaired FBF response from 2.7 to 2.5mL/100mL tissue/min (SMD 0.404; p=.006). There was an increase in 5000 platelet/mm(3) following pollution exposure (SMD 0.390; p=.050) but no significant differences for other outcomes. Conclusion: Controlled human exposures to air pollution are associated with the surrogates of vascular dysfunction and increase in platelet count, which might be related to adverse cardiovascular events. Given the worldwide prevalence of exposure to air pollution, these findings are relevant for public health.