BRYAN SAUNDERS
Projetos de Pesquisa
Unidades Organizacionais
LIM/17 - Laboratório de Investigação em Reumatologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina
15 resultados
Resultados de Busca
Agora exibindo 1 - 10 de 15
- A Systematic Risk Assessment and Meta-Analysis on the Use of Oral beta-Alanine Supplementation(2019) DOLAN, Eimear; SWINTON, Paul A.; PAINELLI, Vitor de Salles; HEMINGWAY, Benedict Stephens; MAZZOLANI, Bruna; SMAIRA, Fabiana Infante; SAUNDERS, Bryan; ARTIOLI, Guilherme G.; GUALANO, Brunobeta-Alanine supplementation is one of the world's most commonly used sports supplements, and its use as a nutritional strategy in other populations is ever-increasing, due to evidence of pleiotropic ergogenic and therapeutic benefits. Despite its widespread use, there is only limited understanding of potential adverse effects. To address this, a systematic risk assessment and meta-analysis was undertaken. Four databases were searched using keywords and Medical Subject Headings. All human and animal studies that investigated an isolated, oral, beta-alanine supplementation strategy were included. Data were extracted according to 5 main outcomes, including 1) side effects reported during longitudinal trials, 2) side effects reported during acute trials, 3) effect of supplementation on circulating health-related biomarkers, 4) effect of supplementation on skeletal muscle taurine and histidine concentration, and 5) outcomes from animal trials. Quality of evidence for outcomes was ascertained using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework, and all quantitative data were meta-analyzed using multilevel models grounded in Bayesian principles. In total, 101 human and 50 animal studies were included. Paraesthesia was the only reported side effect and had an estimated OR of 8.9 [95% credible interval (CrI): 2.2, 32.6] with supplementation relative to placebo. Participants in active treatment groups experienced similar dropout rates to those receiving the placebo treatment. beta-Alanine supplementation caused a small increase in circulating alanine aminotransferase concentration (effect size, ES: 0.274, CrI: 0.04, 0.527), although mean data remained well within clinical reference ranges. Meta-analysis of human data showed no main effect of beta-alanine supplementation on skeletal muscle taurine (ES: 0.156; 95% CrI: -0.38, 0.72) or histidine (ES: -0.15; 95% CrI: -0.64, 0.33) concentration. A main effect of beta-alanine supplementation on taurine concentration was reported for murine models, but only when the daily dose was >= 3% beta-alanine in drinking water. The results of this review indicate that beta-alanine supplementation within the doses used in the available research designs, does not adversely affect those consuming it.
conferenceObject Sex, But Not Age, Associates With Whole Muscle Carnosine Content Of Trained Men And Women(2020) DOLAN, Eimear; SWINTON, Paul A.; OLIVEIRA, Luana Farias de; REZENDE, Nathalia Saffioti; MAZZOLANI, Bruna Caruso; BESTETTI, Giulia Cazetta; SMAIRA, Fabiana Infante; DUMAS, Alina; PERIM, Pedro; RIANI, Luiz; GUALANO, Bruno; SAUNDERS, Bryan- A Statistical Framework to Interpret Individual Response to Intervention : Paving the Way for Personalized Nutrition and Exercise Prescription(2018) SWINTON, Paul A.; HEMINGWAY, Ben Stephens; SAUNDERS, Bryan; GUALANO, Bruno; DOLAN, EimearThe concept of personalized nutrition and exercise prescription represents a topical and exciting progression for the discipline given the large inter-individual variability that exists in response to virtually all performance and health related interventions. Appropriate interpretation of intervention-based data from an individual or group of individuals requires practitioners and researchers to consider a range of concepts including the confounding influence of measurement error and biological variability. In addition, the means to quantify likely statistical and practical improvements are facilitated by concepts such as confidence intervals (CIs) and smallest worthwhile change (SWC). The purpose of this review is to provide accessible and applicable recommendations for practitioners and researchers that interpret, and report personalized data. To achieve this, the review is structured in three sections that progressively develop a statistical framework. Section 1 explores fundamental concepts related to measurement error and describes how typical error and CIs can be used to express uncertainty in baseline measurements. Section 2 builds upon these concepts and demonstrates how CIs can be combined with the concept of SWC to assess whether meaningful improvements occur post-intervention. Finally, section 3 introduces the concept of biological variability and discusses the subsequent challenges in identifying individual response and non-response to an intervention. Worked numerical examples and interactive Supplementary Material are incorporated to solidify concepts and assist with implementation in practice.
conferenceObject Non-placebo Controls To Determine The Magnitude Of Ergogenic Interventions: A Systematic Review And Meta-analysis(2021) MARTICORENA, Felipe Miguel; CARVALHO, Arthur; OLIVEIRA, Luana Farias de; DOLAN, Eimear; GUALANO, Bruno; SWINTON, Paul; SAUNDERS, Bryan- Sodium bicarbonate supplementation and the female athlete: A brief commentary with small scale systematic review and meta-analysis(2022) SAUNDERS, Bryan; OLIVEIRA, Luana Farias de; DOLAN, Eimear; DURKALEC-MICHALSKI, Krzysztof; MCNAUGHTON, Lars; ARTIOLI, Guilherme Giannini; SWINTON, Paul AlanSodium bicarbonate (SB) is considered an effective ergogenic supplement for improving high-intensity exercise capacity and performance, although recent data suggests that women may be less amenable to its ergogenic effects than men. Currently, an apparent paucity of data on women means no consensus exists on whether women benefit from SB supplementation. The aim of the current study was to quantify the proportion of the published literature on SB supplementation that includes women, and to synthesise the evidence regarding its effects on blood bicarbonate and exercise performance in women by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis. Electronic searches of the literature were undertaken using three databases (MEDLINE, Embase, SPORTDiscus) to identify relevant articles. All meta-analyses were performed within a Bayesian framework. A total of 149 SB articles were identified, 11 of which contained individual group data for women. Results indicated a pooled blood bicarbonate increase of 7.4 [95%CrI: 4.2-10.4 mmol center dot L-1] following supplementation and a pooled standardised exercise effect size of 0.37 [95%CrI: -0.06-0.92]. The SB literature is skewed, with only 20% (30 studies) of studies employing female participants, of which only 11 studies (7.4%) provided group analyses exclusively in women. Despite the small amount of available data, results are consistent in showing that SB supplementation in women leads to large changes in blood bicarbonate and that there is strong evidence for a positive ergogenic effect on exercise performance that is likely to be small to medium in magnitude.
- Nonplacebo Controls to Determine the Magnitude of Ergogenic Interventions: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis(2021) MARTICORENA, Felipe Miguel; CARVALHO, Arthur; OLIVEIRA, Luana Farias de; DOLAN, Eimear; GUALANO, Bruno; SWINTON, Paul; SAUNDERS, BryanIntroduction Placebos are used as a control treatment that is meant to be indistinguishable from the active intervention. However, where substantive placebo effects may occur, studies that do not include a nonplacebo control arm may underestimate the overall effect of the intervention (active plus placebo components). This study aimed to determine the relative magnitude of the placebo effect associated with nutritional supplements (caffeine and extracellular buffers) by meta-analyzing data from studies containing both placebo and nonplacebo control sessions. Methods Bayesian multilevel meta-analysis models were used to estimate pooled effects and express the placebo effect as a percentage of the overall intervention effect. Results Thirty-four studies were included, with the median pooled effect size (ES0.5) indicating a very small (ES0.5 = 0.09 (95% credible interval (CrI), 0.01-0.17)) improvement in the performance of placebo compared with control. There was no moderating effect of exercise type (capacity or performance), exercise duration, or training status. The comparison between active intervention and control indicated a small to medium effect (ES0.5 = 0.37 (95% CrI, 0.20-0.56)). Expressed in relative terms, the placebo effect was equivalent to 25% (75% CrI, 16%-35%) and 59% (75% CrI, 34%-94%) of the total intervention effect for buffers and caffeine. Conclusions These results demonstrate a very small but potentially important placebo effect with nutritional supplementation studies. A substantive proportion of supplement effects may be due to placebo effects, with the relative proportion influenced by the magnitude of the overall ergogenic effect. Where feasible, intervention studies should use nonplacebo control-arm comparators to identify the proportion of the effect estimated to come from placebo effects and avoid underestimating the overall benefits that the physiological plus psychobiological aspects associated with an intervention provide in the real world.
- Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis Provides No Evidence of Intervention Response Variation in Individuals Supplementing With Beta-Alanine(2021) ESTEVES, Gabriel Perri; SWINTON, Paul; SALE, Craig; JAMES, Ruth M.; ARTIOLI, Guilherme Giannini; ROSCHEL, Hamilton; GUALANO, Bruno; SAUNDERS, Bryan; DOLAN, EimearCurrently, little is known about the extent of interindividual variability in response to beta-alanine (BA) supplementation, nor what proportion of said variability can be attributed to external factors or to the intervention itself (intervention response). To investigate this, individual participant data on the effect of BA supplementation on a high-intensity cycling capacity test (CCT110%) were meta-analyzed. Changes in time to exhaustion (TTE) and muscle carnosine were the primary and secondary outcomes. Multilevel distributional Bayesian models were used to estimate the mean and SD of BA and placebo group change scores. The relative sizes of group SDs were used to infer whether observed variation in change scores were due to intervention or non-intervention-related effects. Six eligible studies were identified, and individual data were obtained from four of these. Analyses showed a group effect of BA supplementation on TTE (7.7, 95% credible interval [CrI] [1.3, 14.3] s) and muscle carnosine (18.1, 95% CrI [14.5, 21.9] mmol/kg DM). A large intervention response variation was identified for muscle carnosine (sigma(IR) = 5.8, 95% CrI [4.2, 7.4] mmol/kg DM) while equivalent change score SDs were shown for TTE in both the placebo (16.1, 95% CrI [13.0, 21.3] s) and BA (15.9, 95% CrI [13.0, 20.0] s) conditions, with the probability that SD was greater in placebo being 0.64. In conclusion, the similarity in observed change score SDs between groups for TTE indicates the source of variation is common to both groups, and therefore unrelated to the supplement itself, likely originating instead from external factors such as nutritional intake, sleep patterns, or training status.
- beta-alanine Supplementation To Improve Exercise Capacity And Performance: A Systematic Review And Meta-analysis(2017) DOLAN, Eimear; ELLIOTT-SALE, Kirsty; ARTIOLI, Guilherme G.; SWINTON, Paul A.; ROSCHEL, Hamilton; SALE, Craig; GUALANO, Bruno; SAUNDERS, Bryan
- Extracellular Buffering Supplements to Improve Exercise Capacity and Performance: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-analysis(2022) OLIVEIRA, Luana Farias de; DOLAN, Eimear; SWINTON, Paul A.; DURKALEC-MICHALSKI, Krzysztof; ARTIOLI, Guilherme G.; MCNAUGHTON, Lars R.; SAUNDERS, BryanBackground Extracellular buffering supplements [sodium bicarbonate (SB), sodium citrate (SC), sodium/calcium lactate (SL/CL)] are ergogenic supplements, although questions remain about factors which may modify their effect. Objective To quantify the main effect of extracellular buffering agents on exercise outcomes, and to investigate the influence of potential moderators on this effect using a systematic review and meta-analytic approach. Methods This study was designed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Three databases were searched for articles that were screened according to inclusion/exclusion criteria. Bayesian hierarchical meta-analysis and meta-regression models were used to investigate pooled effects of supplementation and moderating effects of a range of factors on exercise and biomarker responses. Results 189 articles with 2019 participants were included, 158 involving SB supplementation, 30 with SC, and seven with CL/SL; four studies provided a combination of buffering supplements together. Supplementation led to a mean estimated increase in blood bicarbonate of + 5.2 mmol L-1 (95% credible interval (CrI) 4.7-5.7). The meta-analysis models identified a positive overall effect of supplementation on exercise capacity and performance compared to placebo [ES0.5 = 0.17 (95% CrI 0.12-0.21)] with potential moderating effects of exercise type and duration, training status and when the exercise test was performed following prior exercise. The greatest ergogenic effects were shown for exercise durations of 0.5-10 min [ES0.5 = 0.18 (0.13-0.24)] and > 10 min [ES0.5 = 0.22 (0.10-0.33)]. Evidence of greater effects on exercise were obtained when blood bicarbonate increases were medium (4-6 mmol L-1) and large (> 6 mmol L-1) compared with small (<= 4 mmol L-1) [beta(Small:Medium) = 0.16 (95% CrI 0.02-0.32), beta(Small:Large) = 0.13 (95% CrI - 0.03 to 0.29)]. SB (192 outcomes) was more effective for performance compared to SC (39 outcomes) [beta(SC:SB) = 0.10 (95% CrI - 0.02 to 0.22)]. Conclusions Extracellular buffering supplements generate large increases in blood bicarbonate concentration leading to positive overall effects on exercise, with sodium bicarbonate being most effective. Evidence for several group-level moderating factors were identified. These data can guide an athlete's decision as to whether supplementation with buffering agents might be beneficial for their specific aims.
- Infographic. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of beta-alanine supplementation on exercise capacity and performance(2020) SAUNDERS, Bryan; VIRGILE, Adam; ELLIOTT-SALE, Kirsty Jayne; ARTIOLI, Guilherme Giannini; SWINTON, Paul A.; DOLAN, Eimear; ROSCHEL, Hamilton; SALE, Craig; GUALANO, Bruno