MARIA ALVIM LEITE
Projetos de Pesquisa
Unidades Organizacionais
LIM/38 - Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Imunobiologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina
2 resultados
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- Victims, bullies and bully-victims: prevalence and association with negative health outcomes from a cross-sectional study in Sao Paulo, Brazil(2020) LOCH, Ana Paula; ASTOLFI, Roberta Corradi; LEITE, Maria Alvim; PAPA, Cassio Henrique Gomide; RYNGELBLUM, Marcelo; EISNER, Manuel; PERES, Maria Fernanda TourinhoObjectives To estimate the prevalence of self-reported bullying as victims, bullies or bully-victims among 9th grade adolescents in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil; to investigate association between bullying with negative health outcomes. Methods Cross-sectional data were obtained in 2017 from a sample of Brazilian adolescents (n = 2680) using a structured, self-administered questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate Poisson regression were employed to assess in which extent the experience of bullying in position of victim, bully or bully-victim affects adolescents' health. Results Prevalence of bullying victimization was 18.3%, while victimization/perpetration and perpetration corresponded to 10.42% and 4.9%, respectively. Adolescents who experienced bullying victimization were more likely to present high levels of internalizing symptoms, to report self-harm, to present negative self-rated health and to use tobacco, when compared with those not involved. Bullies were more likely to use alcohol and to binge drinking. bully-victims presented a higher prevalence of all health outcomes, except for tobacco use. Conclusions Our findings highlight the effect of bullying in adolescents' health, regardless of the position. Planned intersectoral efforts between parents, health and education systems to prevent bullying could therefore reduce negative health outcomes during adolescence.
- Association between self-control and health risk behaviors: a cross-sectional study with 9th grade adolescents in Sao Paulo(2021) ASTOLFI, Roberta Corradi; LEITE, Maria Alvim; PAPA, Cassio Henrique Gomide; RYNGELBLUM, Marcelo; EISNER, Manuel; PERES, Maria Fernanda TourinhoBackground Self-control (SC) has been consistently found associated with diverse health risk behaviors (HRBs), but little research refers to low- and middle-income countries. Furthermore, there is evidence that some HRBs tend to aggregate, however studies with the specific purpose of addressing the relation between SC and multiple health risk behaviors (MHRBs) are rare. The objective of this study is to analyze these associations and provide evidence to help filling these gaps. Methods A sample of 2106 9th grade students from the city of Sao Paulo responded a self-administered questionnaire in 2017. We tested the association of SC measured as an ordinal variable with four levels (higher, high, medium and low) with six HRBs (binge drinking, marijuana use, smoking, high consumption of ultra-processed food, sedentary behavior and bullying perpetration), in both separated and aggregated forms (MHRBs), controlling for potential confounders. Binary logistic regression was used to test the association between exposure (SC) and single outcomes. In order to analyze the association of SC with MHRBs, multinomial logistic regression was employed. Results SC was associated with five of six HRBs investigated and with MHRBs. The effect size of the association of SC and MHRBs increased in a steep pattern with accumulation of more HRBs. Conclusion Low self-control is associated with most HRBs investigated and the magnitude of the association increases when more than two or three HRBs are accumulated. There seems to be a group of adolescents in a position of pronounced vulnerability for MHRBs. This should be considered when designing public policy and prevention programs. In contexts of limited or scarce resources and public funds, interventions focusing the most vulnerable groups, instead of universal interventions, should be considered.