VILMA LEYTON
Projetos de Pesquisa
Unidades Organizacionais
Departamento de MedicinaLegal, Ética Médica e Medicina Social e do Trabalho, Faculdade de Medicina - Docente
LIM/40 - Laboratório de Imunohematologia e Hematologia Forense, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina - Líder
LIM/40 - Laboratório de Imunohematologia e Hematologia Forense, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina - Líder
11 resultados
Resultados de Busca
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bookPart Toxicologia Forense(2020) LEYTON, Vilma; MAGALHãES, Juliana Gallottini de; PONCE, Júlio de Carvalho- Alcohol Consumption and Violent Deaths in the City of Sao Paulo in 2015(2020) GONCALVES, Raphael Eduardo Marques; PONCE, Julio de Carvalho; LEYTON, VilmaBackground: Excessive alcohol consumption is a serious public health issue, because drunkenness affects critical judgment and self-control, making people more vulnerable to violence and accidents, with thus a potential association between alcohol consumption and violent deaths.Objective: To assess the association between alcohol consumption and violent deaths in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil, in 2015, and its relationship with gender, age, cause of death and blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of victims.Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted by collection of data from 2,882 victims of violent deaths subjected to examination of BAC from the archives of the Institute of Legal Medicine of the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil.Results: Alcohol was detected in blood samples of 27.06% of the victims and mean BAC levels were 1.92 +/- 1.24 g/L. The mean age of the victims was 33.49 +/- 15.19 years. The majority of the victims were male (84.14%) and the prevalence of positive BAC was higher amongst men (28.74%) than women (18.16%). Homicide was the most prevalent cause of death in the sample (36.57%), but there were a higher proportion of traffic accidents victims with positive BAC (32.01%), as well as higher BAC levels in these victims (46.77% in the range of 1.6-2.5 g/L).Conclusions: The results obtained in this study support a potential association between alcohol consumption and violent deaths in the city of Sao Paulo, mainly in traffic accidents victims.
- Alcohol use by suicide victims in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil, 2011-2015(2018) GONCALVES, Raphael Eduardo Marques; PONCE, Julio de Carvalho; LEYTON, VilmaExcessive alcohol consumption is a serious public health issue, because drunkenness affects critical judgment and self-control which could trigger violent and self-harm behavior, with thus a potential association between alcohol consumption and suicide deaths. The objective of the present study was to assess the association between alcohol consumption and suicide deaths in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil, from 2011 to 2015, and its relationship with socio-demographic characteristics of the victims and the circumstances of the suicide. A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted by collection of data from 1,700 suicide victims subjected to examination of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) from toxicology reports from the Institute of Legal Medicine of the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Alcohol was detected in blood samples of 30.2% of the victims and mean BAC levels were 1.73 +/- 0.08 g/L. The mean age of the victims was 39.90 +/- 0.75 years. The majority of the victims were male (74.6%) and the prevalence of positive BAC was higher amongst men (34.7%) than women (17.1%), p < 0.05. The majority of the victims were white skinned (64.7%), but there was a higher proportion of victims with positive BAC among mulatto and black individuals, p < 0.05. Hanging was the most prevalent suicide method in the sample (48.7%) and amongst men (55.4%), but amongst women it was jumping from a height (35%), p < 0.05.
- Alcohol and other drug use by Brazilian truck drivers: a cause for concern?(2012) OLIVEIRA, Lucio Garcia de; YONAMINE, Mauricio; ANDREUCCETI, Gabriel; PONCE, Julio de Carvalho; LEYTON, Vilma
- Reducing the legal blood alcohol concentration limit for driving in developing countries: a time for change? Results and implications derived from a time-series analysis (2001-10) conducted in Brazil (vol 106, pg 2124, 2011)(2012) ANDREUCCETTI, Gabriel; CARVALHO, Heraclito B.; CHERPITEL, Cheryl J.; YE, Yu; PONCE, Julio C.; KAHN, Tulio; LEYTON, Vilma
- Blood alcohol levels in suicide by hanging cases in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil(2012) ZERBINI, Talita; PONCE, Julio de Carvalho; SINAGAWA, Daniele Mayumi; CINTRA, Raquel Barbosa; MUNOZ, Daniel Romero; LEYTON, VilmaSuicide is one of the main causes of violent death worldwide, and has become a public health issue. Since alcohol consumption is associated with the increase in the number of suicides and hanging is one of the main methods used worldwide, the present study consists of an epidemiological analysis of BACs in victims of suicide by hanging autopsied in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The objective of the present work was to establish an epidemiological profile and evaluate blood alcohol concentrations in victims of suicide by hanging in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, in the year of 2007. A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted by collection of secondary data from autopsy reports of victims of hanging. According to the present study, positive results for alcohol were higher in male victims, but the mean BAC was higher in women.
- Drink driving and speeding in Sao Paulo, Brazil: empirical cross-sectional study (2015-2018)(2019) ANDREUCCETTI, Gabriel; LEYTON, Vilma; CARVALHO, Heraclito Barbosa; SINAGAWA, Daniele M.; BOMBANA, Henrique S.; PONCE, Julio C.; ALLEN, Katharine A.; VECINO-ORTIZ, Andres I.; HYDER, Adnan A.Objectives To evaluate the prevalence of drink driving and speeding during 2015-2018 in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Design Cross-sectional observational study. Setting Roads representing the five main regions of the city of Sao Paulo in Brazil, one of the world's largest urban areas. Participants Drivers (N=10294) stopped at routine roadside breath testing checkpoints and those driving in selected roads for speeding measurement (N=414664). Primary and secondary outcome measures Microwave radar guns were used to measure the speed of vehicles, while the prevalence of drivers under the influence of alcohol was observed in police checkpoints. Data were collected during three consecutive years (2016-2018) following a baseline study established in 2015 using a city-level representative sample of observational data representing all days of the week. Results Alcohol-related fatalities kept at a constantly high percentage, with 39% of road traffic deaths involving alcohol in 2016. Drivers testing above the legal breath alcohol concentration limit showed a decreasing trend, from 4.1% (95% CI 2.9% to 5.5%) at baseline to 0.6% (95% CI 0.2% to 1.2%) in the end of 2018 (p<0.001); however, more than half of drivers refused breath tests at checkpoints despite steep legal penalties. The prevalence of speeding among all vehicles decreased from 8.1% (95% CI 7.9% to 8.2%) to 4.9% (95% CI 4.7% to 5.1%) by the end of 2016 (p<0.001), but then increased again to 13.5% (95% CI 13.2% to 13.9%) at the end of the study period (p<0.001). Conclusions Drink driving rates have reduced, likely due to an increase in drivers refusing breath alcohol tests, while speeding rates have increased significantly by the end of the study period, particularly among motorcycles. Future strategies aiming at reducing road traffic injuries in the major Brazilian city should tailor drink driving and speeding enforcement based on the new evidence provided here.
- Reducing the legal blood alcohol concentration limit for driving in developing countries: a time for change? Results and implications derived from a time-series analysis (2001-10) conducted in Brazil(2011) ANDREUCCETTI, Gabriel; CARVALHO, Heraclito B.; CHERPITEL, Cheryl J.; YE, Yu; PONCE, Julio C.; KAHN, Tulio; LEYTON, VilmaAims In Brazil, a new lawintroduced in 2008 has lowered the blood alcohol concentration limit for drivers from 0.06 to 0.02, but the effectiveness in reducing traffic accidents remains uncertain. This study evaluated the effects of this enactment on road traffic injuries and fatalities. Design Time-series analysis using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) modelling. Setting State and capital of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Participants A total of 1 471 087 non-fatal and 51 561 fatal road traffic accident cases in both regions. Measurements Monthly rates of traffic injuries and fatalities per 100 000 inhabitants from January 2001 to June 2010. Findings The new traffic law was responsible for significant reductions in traffic injury and fatality rates in both localities (P < 0.05). A stronger effect was observed for traffic fatality (-7.2 and -16.0% in the average monthly rate in the State and capital, respectively) compared to traffic injury rates (-1.8 and -2.3% in the State and capital, respectively). Conclusions Lowering the blood alcohol concentration limit in Brazil had a greater impact on traffic fatalities than injuries, with a higher effect in the capital, where presumably the police enforcement was enhanced.
- Alcohol-related traffic accidents with fatal outcomes in the city of Sao Paulo(2011) PONCE, Julio de Carvalho; MUNOZ, Daniel Romero; ANDREUCCETTI, Gabriel; CARVALHO, Debora Goncalves de; LEYTON, VilmaAims: The aims of the present study were to characterize fatal traffic accident victims in a major urban center in Brazil and their association with alcohol consumption. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 907 fatal traffic accident victims in Sao Paulo, in 2005. Results: Adult males between the ages of 25 and 54 represented the majority of cases with positive blood alcohol concentrations (BAC). Overall, males had a higher proportional BAC and mean BAC than females. Pedestrians, particularly those with no detectable BAC, were typically older than other victims. Most accidents (total and BAC-positive) happened on weekends between midnight and 6 a.m. Considering all victims, 39.4% were positive (BAC over 0.1 g/l). When only drivers (automobile, motorcycle and bicycle) were evaluated. 42.3% had BAC over the legal limit (0.6 g/l). Conclusions: Alcohol is associated with nearly half of all traffic accident deaths in the city of Sao Paulo. especially for days and times associated with parties and bars (weekends between 12 a.m. and 6 a.m.).
- PREVALENCE OF BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTORS FOR ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES IN THE CITY OF SAO PAULO: FINDINGS FROM THE BLOOMBERG INITIATIVE FOR GLOBAL ROAD SAFETY (BIGRS) 2015-2017(2018) ANDREUCCETTI, Gabriel; LEYTON, Vilma; CARVALHO, Heraclito B.; SINAGAWA, Daniele M.; BOMBANA, Henrique S.; PONCE, Julio C.; ALLEN, Katharine A.; VECINO-ORTIZ, Andres I.; HYDER, Adnan A.