VILMA LEYTON
Projetos de Pesquisa
Unidades Organizacionais
Departamento de MedicinaLegal, Ética Médica e Medicina Social e do Trabalho, Faculdade de Medicina - Docente
LIM/40 - Laboratório de Imunohematologia e Hematologia Forense, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina - Líder
LIM/40 - Laboratório de Imunohematologia e Hematologia Forense, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina - Líder
15 resultados
Resultados de Busca
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- Alcohol use among fatally injured victims in SAo Paulo, Brazil: bridging the gap between research and health services in developing countries(2017) ANDREUCCETTI, Gabriel; LEYTON, Vilma; LEMOS, Nikolas P.; MIZIARA, Ivan Dieb; YE, Yu; TAKITANE, Juliana; MUNOZ, Daniel Romero; REINGOLD, Arthur L.; CHERPITEL, Cheryl J.; CARVALHO, Heraclito Barbosa deBackground and aimsMost studies reporting alcohol use among fatally injured victims are subject to bias, particularly those related to sample selection and to absence of injury context data. We developed a research method to estimate the prevalence of alcohol consumption and test correlates of alcohol use prior to fatal injuries. Design, Setting and ParticipantsCross-sectional study based on a probability sample of fatally injured adult victims (n=365) autopsied in SAo Paulo, Brazil. Victims were sampled within systematically selected 8-hour sampling blocks, generating a representative sample of fatal injuries occurring during all hours of the day for each day of the week between June 2014 and December 2015. MeasurementsThe presence of alcohol and blood alcohol concentration (BAC) were the primary outcomes evaluated according to victims' socio-demographic, injury context data (type, day, time and injury place) and criminal history characteristics. FindingsAlcohol was detected in 30.1% [95% confidence interval (CI)=25.6-35.1)] of the victims, with a mean blood alcohol level (BAC) level of 0.11%w/v (95% CI=0.09-0.13) among alcohol-positive cases. Black and mixed race victims presented a higher mean BAC than white victims (P=0.03). Fewer than one in every six suicides tested positive for alcohol, while almost half of traffic-related casualties were alcohol-positive. Having suffered traffic-related injuries, particularly those involving vehicle crashes, and injuries occurring during weekends and at night were associated significantly with alcohol use before injury (P<0.05). ConclusionsNearly one-third of fatal injuries in SAo Paulo between June 2014 and December 2015 were alcohol-related, with traffic accidents showing a greater association with alcohol use than other injuries. The sampling methodology tested here, including the possibility of adding injury context data to improve population-based estimates of alcohol use before fatal injury, appears to be a reliable and lower-cost strategy for avoiding biases common in death investigations.
- Mucociliary clearance, airway inflammation and nasal symptoms in urban motorcyclists(2014) BRANT, Tereza C. S.; YOSHIDA, Carolina T.; CARVALHO, Tomas de S.; NICOLA, Marina L.; MARTINS, Jocimar A.; BRAGA, Lays M.; OLIVEIRA, Regiani C. de; LEYTON, Vilma; ANDRE, Carmen S. de; SALDIVA, Paulo H. N.; RUBIN, Bruce K.; NAKAGAWA, Naomi K.OBJECTIVES: There is evidence that outdoor workers exposed to high levels of air pollution exhibit airway inflammation and increased airway symptoms. We hypothesized that these workers would experience increased airway symptoms and decreased nasal mucociliary clearance associated with their exposure to air pollution. METHODS: In total, 25 non-smoking commercial motorcyclists, aged 18-44 years, were included in this study. These drivers work 8-12 hours per day, 5 days per week, driving on urban streets. Nasal mucociliary clearance was measured by the saccharine transit test; airway acidification was measured by assessing the pH of exhaled breath condensate; and airway symptoms were measured by the Sino-nasal Outcome Test-20 questionnaire. To assess personal air pollution exposure, the subjects used a passive-diffusion nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentration-monitoring system during the 14 days before each assessment. The associations between NO2 and the airway outcomes were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test and the Chi-Square test. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01976039. RESULTS: Compared with clearance in healthy adult males, mucociliary clearance was decreased in 32% of the motorcyclists. Additionally, 64% of the motorcyclists had airway acidification and 92% experienced airway symptoms. The median personal NO2 exposure level was 75 mg/m(3) for these subjects and a significant association was observed between NO2 and impaired mucociliary clearance (p = 0.036). CONCLUSION: Non-smoking commercial motorcyclists exhibit increased airway symptoms and airway acidification as well as decreased nasal mucociliary clearance, all of which are significantly associated with the amount of exposure to air pollution.
- THE CALL FOR EVIDENCE-BASED DRINK AND DRIVING POLICIES IN BRAZIL(2012) ANDREUCCETTI, Gabriel; CARVALHO, Heraclito Barbosa De; CHERPITEL, Cheryl J.; LEYTON, Vilma
- Drink driving and speeding in Sao Paulo, Brazil: empirical cross-sectional study (2015-2018)(2019) ANDREUCCETTI, Gabriel; LEYTON, Vilma; CARVALHO, Heraclito Barbosa; SINAGAWA, Daniele M.; BOMBANA, Henrique S.; PONCE, Julio C.; ALLEN, Katharine A.; VECINO-ORTIZ, Andres I.; HYDER, Adnan A.Objectives To evaluate the prevalence of drink driving and speeding during 2015-2018 in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Design Cross-sectional observational study. Setting Roads representing the five main regions of the city of Sao Paulo in Brazil, one of the world's largest urban areas. Participants Drivers (N=10294) stopped at routine roadside breath testing checkpoints and those driving in selected roads for speeding measurement (N=414664). Primary and secondary outcome measures Microwave radar guns were used to measure the speed of vehicles, while the prevalence of drivers under the influence of alcohol was observed in police checkpoints. Data were collected during three consecutive years (2016-2018) following a baseline study established in 2015 using a city-level representative sample of observational data representing all days of the week. Results Alcohol-related fatalities kept at a constantly high percentage, with 39% of road traffic deaths involving alcohol in 2016. Drivers testing above the legal breath alcohol concentration limit showed a decreasing trend, from 4.1% (95% CI 2.9% to 5.5%) at baseline to 0.6% (95% CI 0.2% to 1.2%) in the end of 2018 (p<0.001); however, more than half of drivers refused breath tests at checkpoints despite steep legal penalties. The prevalence of speeding among all vehicles decreased from 8.1% (95% CI 7.9% to 8.2%) to 4.9% (95% CI 4.7% to 5.1%) by the end of 2016 (p<0.001), but then increased again to 13.5% (95% CI 13.2% to 13.9%) at the end of the study period (p<0.001). Conclusions Drink driving rates have reduced, likely due to an increase in drivers refusing breath alcohol tests, while speeding rates have increased significantly by the end of the study period, particularly among motorcycles. Future strategies aiming at reducing road traffic injuries in the major Brazilian city should tailor drink driving and speeding enforcement based on the new evidence provided here.
- Introducing a new research method for evaluating alcohol and other drug use among fatally injured victims in Latin America(2017) ANDREUCCETTI, Gabriel; LEYTON, Vilma; MIZIARA, Ivan Dieb; LEMOS, Nikolas P.; MUNOZ, Daniel Romero; CHERPITEL, Cheryl J.; CARVALHO, Heraclito Barbosa
- PREVALENCE OF BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTORS FOR ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES IN THREE SOUTH AMERICAN CITIES(2018) VECINO-ORTIZ, Andres I.; ALLEN, Katharine A.; CUNTO, Flavio; ANDREUCCETTI, Gabriel; GUZMAN, Luis Angel; NETO, Manoel; LEYTON, Vilma; GUZMAN, Vanessa; SINAGAWA, Daniele M.; CARVALHO, Heraclito; HYDER, Adnan A.
- DRINKING AND DRIVING IN BRAZIL: SAME PROBLEM, SAME LOOPHOLE(2016) ANDREUCCETTI, Gabriel; LEYTON, Vilma; CARVALHO, Heraclito Barbosa De; SINAGAWA, Daniele Mayumi; ALLEN, Katharine A.; HYDER, Adnan A.
- HAIR DRUG TESTING IN THE NEW BRAZILIAN REGULATION TO OBTAIN PROFESSIONAL DRIVER'S LICENCE: NO PARALLEL TO ANY OTHER LAWENFORCEMENT IN THE WORLD(2015) LEYTON, Vilma; ANDREUCCETTI, Gabriel; ALMEIDA, Rafael Menck de; MUNOZ, Daniel Romero; WALLS, H. Chip; GREVE, Juliamaria D'Andrea; MONTAL, Jose Heverardo da Costa; ADURA, Flavio Emir; YONAMINE, Mauricio
- HAIR TESTING: AN INEFFECTIVE DUI STRATEGY IN BRAZIL(2018) LEYTON, Vilma; ANDREUCCETTI, Gabriel; MEIRA JUNIOR, Antonio Edson Souza; SANTOS, Marcelo Filonzi Dos; BOMBANA, Henrique Silva; WALLS, H. Chip; GREVE, Julia Maria D'Andrea; CARVALHO, Heraclito Barbosa de; MONTAL, Jose Heverardo da Costa; ADURA, Flavio Emir; YONAMINE, Mauricio
- PREVALENCE OF BEHAVIOURAL RISK FACTORS FOR ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES: REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN BRAZIL(2016) ALLEN, Katharine A.; CUNTO, Flavio; ANDREUCCETTI, Gabriel; NETO, Manoel; LEYTON, Vilma; SINIGAWA, Daniele; CARVALHO, Heralcito; WADHWANIYA, Shirin; HYDER, Adnan A.