SYLVIA COSTA LIMA FARHAT
Projetos de Pesquisa
Unidades Organizacionais
Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina
LIM/05 - Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica Experimental, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina
LIM/05 - Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica Experimental, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina
16 resultados
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- Teaching medical students to choose wisely through simulation(2022) MORATO, Thayza Marcelly Rodrigues; MENDES, Pedro Henrique Magalhaes; GHOSN, Danielle Saad Nemer Bou; COUTO, Thomaz Bittencourt; MAI, Paulo Victor Ferreira; FARHAT, Sylvia Costa Lima; SCHVARTSMAN, Claudio; CAVALCANTI, Nara VasconcelosThe Choosing Wisely (CW) campaign aims to encourage dialog among physicians and patients about the costs and benefits of medical care. The purpose of the present study was to describe the implementation of the CW campaign among medical students in the pediatrics clerkship using different teaching strategies and to evaluate the students' perception and performance. A prospective, interventionist, open study with a control group was conducted. All sixth-year undergraduate medical students that were on their pediatric clerkship at the Emergency Department during the study period were invited to participate. The study consisted of two strategies: a remote video class about the CW initiative and in situ simulation training. By the end of the rotation, all participants were evaluated through an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). A total of 50 students were included, of which 24 watched only the online video (control group) and 26 were exposed to both the online video and the simulation scenarios (intervention group). Students in the intervention group had a significantly higher total score in the OSCE compared to students in the control group (median 90 vs 90; range 78-100 vs 50-100; p: 0.047). Median scores of behavioral items of the OSCE grouped together were significantly higher in the intervention group compared to the control group (median 60 vs 50; range 40-60 vs 20-60; p: 0.002). Conclusion: Simulation training about principles of the CW campaign had a greater impact on behavioral aspects of undergraduate students. This learning strategy was well accepted by participants.
- Changing the view: impact of simulation-based mastery learning in pediatric tracheal intubation with videolaryngoscopy(2021) COUTO, Thomaz Bittencourt; REIS, Amelia G.; FARHAT, Sylvia C. L.; CARVALHO, Vitor E. L.; SCHVARTSMAN, ClaudioObjective: To determine the effect of a training program using simulation-based mastery learning on the performance of residents in pediatric intubations with videolaryngoscopy. Method: Retrospective cohort study carried out in a tertiary pediatric hospital between July 2016 and June 2018 evaluating a database that included the performance of residents before and after training, as well as the outcome of tracheal intubations. A total of 59 pediatric residents were evaluated in the pre-training with a skills' checklist in the scenario with an intubation simulator; subsequently, they were trained individually using a simulator and deliberate practice in the department itself. After training, the residents were expected to have a minimum passing grade (90/100) in a simulated scenario. The success of the first attempted intubation, use of videolaryngoscopy, and complications in patients older than 1 year of age during the study period were also recorded in clinical practice. Results: Before training, the mean grade was 77.5/100 (SD 15.2), with only 23.7% (14/59) of residents reaching the minimum passing grade of 90/100. After training, 100% of the residents reached the grade, with an average of 94.9/100 (SD 3.2), p < 0.01, with only 5.1% (3/59) needing more practice time than that initially allocated. The success rate in the first attempt at intubation in the emergency department with videolaryngoscopy was 77.8% (21/27). The rate of adverse events associated with intubations was 26% (7/27), representing a serious event. Conclusions: Simulation-based mastery learning increased residents' skills related to intubation and allowed safe tracheal intubations with video laryngoscopy. (C) 2020 Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria.
- Elevated C-Reactive Protein and Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Children With Chronic Liver Disease and Ascites(2014) PRETO-ZAMPERLINI, Marcela; FARHAT, Sylvia Costa Lima; PERONDI, Maria Beatriz Moliterno; PESTANA, Adriana Pozzi; CUNHA, Patricia Salles; PUGLIESE, Renata Pereira Sustovich; SCHVARTSMAN, ClaudioObjectives:The aims of this study were to compare laboratory indices of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) and noninfected ascites in children with chronic liver disease and to determine the infectious agents involved in SBP.Methods:The medical records of 90 children with chronic liver disease and ascites studied between January 2005 and August 2011 were reviewed for laboratory data of diagnostic significance in SBP. Standard laboratory tests included blood cell count, coagulation indices, liver and renal function tests, C-reactive protein (CRP), serum sodium concentration, serum albumin, and serum cultures. Ascitic fluid obtained from 152 paracentesis procedures was assayed for cytology, Gram stains, neutrophil counts, and bacteriological cultures.Results:The SBP group manifested significantly lower albumin levels and elevated CRP levels, prothrombin times, international normalized ratios, and leukocyte number (P<0.05 in each case). CRP was shown to be an independent variable in the prediction of SBP. Values of serum creatinine, sodium concentration, urea, total bilirubin and differential leukocyte shift were comparable in SBP and noninfected ascites. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most prevalent infectious agent in the ascitic fluid (44%).Conclusions:CRP may be useful in early detection and monitoring of SBP in children with liver disease.
- Hypotonic solution decreases serum sodium in infants with moderate bronchiolitis(2014) RODRIGUES, Regina M.; SCHVARTSMAN, Benita G. S.; FARHAT, Sylvia C. L.; SCHVARTSMAN, ClaudioAimTo investigate the influence of hypotonic parenteral hydration on serum and urinary sodium and osmolality in infants with moderate bronchiolitis. MethodsWe studied 36 infants (mean age 3.72.3months), with a diagnosis of moderate bronchiolitis admitted to a paediatric emergency unit in SAo Paulo, Brazil. Patients received a standard parenteral hypotonic solution, according to Holliday and Segar, during the first 24h, due to respiratory distress. The disease was monitored by a respiratory severity score (RDAI-Respiratory Distress Assessment Instrument), respiratory rate and oxygen saturation. Serum and urinary sodium and osmolality were monitored at admission, 24 and 48h after admission. ResultsAll respiratory parameters improved during hospitalisation. Serum sodium and osmolality dropped after 24h (136.8 +/- 2.8 and 135.8 +/- 2.6mEq/L, p=0.031; 283.4 +/- 4.1 and 281.6 +/- 3.9 mOsm/kg, p=0.004 respectively) as well as urinary osmolality (486.8 +/- 243.4 mOsm/kg and 355.7 +/- 205.0 mOsm/kg, p<0.001) when compared to admission. ConclusionThis study reinforces the occurrence of hyponatraemia in bronchiolitis even in patients with moderate disease and highlights the risk of serum sodium drop caused by hypotonic parenteral hydration.
- Influence of air pollution on renal activity in patients with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus(2020) GOULART, Maria Fernanda Giacomin; ALVES, Andressa Guariento Ferreira; FARHAT, Juliana; BRAGA, Alfesio Luis Ferreira; PEREIRA, Luiz Alberto Amador; LICHTENFELS, Ana Julia de Faria Coimbra; CAMPOS, Lucia Maria de Arruda; SILVA, Clovis Artur Almeida da; ELIAS, Adriana Maluf; FARHAT, Sylvia Costa LimaBackground Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) is an autoimmune and multifactorial disease that can affect the renal system. Exposure to air pollution can trigger systemic inflammation in cSLE patients and increase risk of disease activity. We evaluated effects of individual real-time exposure to air pollutants on renal activity in cSLE patients using the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000. Methods Longitudinal panel study of 108 repetitive measures from 9 pediatric lupus patients. Over three consecutive weeks, daily individual levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were measured, as well as weekly clinical evaluation and laboratory tests. This was repeated every 10 weeks over a 1-year period. Specific generalized estimating equation models were used to evaluate the impact of these pollutants on risk of nephritis and anti-dsDNA > 20 UI/mL and on 24-h urine protein and serum complement (C3) levels. Results An interquartile range (IQR) increase of 18.12 mu g/m(3) in PM2.5 daily concentration was associated with increased risk of nephritis and positive results for anti-dsDNA. Moreover, increase in 24-h urine protein and decrease in C3 serum levels also associated with exposure to pollutants. An IQR increase in PM(2.5)7-day moving average was associated with increased risks of leukocyturia (3.4; 95% CI 2.6:4.3), positive anti-dsDNA (3.1; 95% CI 2.1:4.0), and 36.3-mg increase (95% IC 20.2:52.3) in 24-h urine protein. An IQR increase (63.1 mu g/m(3)) in 7-day cumulative NO2 levels was associated with decreased serum C3 levels. Conclusions This prospective study suggests exposure to air pollution can trigger renal activity in cSLE patients.
- Nonsexual violence against children and adolescents: a study in a Latin American tertiary and university hospital(2022) CAMPOS, Reinan Tavares; MARTINIANO, Lorena Vasconcelos Mesquita; LIRIO, Amanda Kerlyn Santos; SOUZA, Kalesa Elias de Araujo; ROSE, Natalia; DIAS, Juliana Martins Monteiro; FARHAT, Sylvia Costa; SILVA, Clovis ArturObjective:The objective of this study was to assess interpersonal nonsexual violence against children and adolescents in a tertiary university hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in 240 patients under nonsexual violence situation for 15 consecutive years. Data analyses included demographic data, hospital referral site, type and author of nonsexual violence, legal referral, laboratorial and imaging examinations, and outcomes.Results: Nonsexual violence situation was diagnosed in 240 (0.1%) of 295,993 patients for 15 years: 148 (61.7%) in children and 92 (38.3%) in adolescents. Out of 240, the most frequent types of violence were negligence in 156 (65.0%), physical 62 (25.8%), psychological/emotional aggression 52 (21.7%), Munchausen by proxy syndrome 4 (1.7%), and bullying/cyberbullying in 3 (1.3%). Out of 123, the most common pediatric chronic conditions were chronic kidney disease 24 (19.5%), human immunodeficiency virus 14 (11.4%), prematurity 9 (7.3%), cerebral palsy 8 (6.5%), and asthma 8 (6.5%). Further comparison between children versusadolescent under nonsexual violence situation revealed significant difference between the hospital referral sites. The frequency of patients under violence referred from outpatient clinics was significantly reduced in children versus adolescents (27.7 vs. 62%), whereas emergency department was higher in the former group (57.4 vs. 25.0%; p<0.001). All types of violence situations and pediatric chronic conditions were similar in both groups (p>0.05).Conclusions: Nonsexual violence against our pediatric population was rarely diagnosed in a tertiary hospital, mainly negligence, physical, and psychological/emotional aggression. Approximately two-thirds of violence diagnosis occurred in children, referred mainly by the emergency department. In contrast, approximately one-third of violence diagnosis occurred in adolescents, referred mostly by outpatient clinics.
- Seven-day cumulative effects of air pollutants increase respiratory ER visits up to threefold(2017) SCHVARTSMAN, Claudio; PEREIRA, Luiz Alberto Amador; BRAGA, Alfesio Luiz Ferreira; FARHAT, Sylvia Costa LimaObjective: Children are especially vulnerable to respiratory injury induced by exposure to air pollutants. In the present study, we investigate periods of up to 7 days, and evaluate the lagged effects of exposure to air pollutants on the daily number of children and adolescents visiting the emergency room (ER) for the treatment of lower respiratory obstructive diseases (LROD), in the city of SAo Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Daily records of LROD-related ER visits by children and adolescents under the age of 19, from January 2000 to December 2007 (2,922 days) were included in the study. Time-series regression models (generalized linear Poisson) were used to control for short- and long-term trends, as well as for temperature and relative humidity. Third-degree polynomial lag models were used to estimate both lag structures and the cumulative effects of air pollutants. Effects of air pollutants were expressed as the percentage increase in LROD-related ER visits. Results: We observed an acute effect at the same day of exposure to air pollutants; however, the cumulative effects of air pollutants on the number of LROD-related ER visits was almost threefold greater than the one observed at the same day of exposure to PM10, SO2, and NO2 mainly in children aged 5 years and under. The 7-day cumulative effect of SO2 reached 11.0% (95% CI: 5.0-16.7) increase in visits. Conclusion and Relevance: This study highlights the effects of intermediate-term exposure to air pollutants on LROD in children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:205-212. (c) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
- How to incorporate telemedicine in medical residency: A Brazilian experience in pediatric emergency(2023) SEVERINI, Rafael da Silva Giannasi; MARCOVICI, Michelle; FARHAT, Sylvia Costa Lima; BIVANCO-LIMA, Danielle; COUTO, Thomaz Bittencourt; AMARANTE, Ana Carolina; RODRIGUES, Katharina Reichmann; GHOSN, Danielle Saad Nemer Bou; SCHVARTSMAN, ClaudioIntroduction:The exponential growth of telehealth services during the COVID-19 pandemic led to the implementa-tion of a telemedicine care service in a tertiary university pediatric hospital. It brought the need to develop a train-ing aimed at remote care within the pediatric emergency rotation program.Objective: To describe the implementation of a telemedicine training for pediatric residents and present the pre-liminary results.Methods: Descriptive prospective study (pre and post), with 40 resident physicians of the first year of pediatrics. Reaction Assessments were applied before and after training, in addition to a resident physician perception ques-tionnaire at the end of the training.Results: There was a significant difference in the resident's perception of experience and safety after initial train-ing. Most rated the proposal as good or excellent, considered teaching telemedicine relevant and that this experi-ence contributed to their learning on the subject.Conclusion: This study describes an innovative proposal for training in telemedicine. The preliminary results were encouraging, demonstrating the program's potential in training future pediatricians.
- Physical and mental health impacts during COVID-19 quarantine in adolescents with preexisting chronic immunocompromised conditions(2022) LINDOSO, Livia; ASTLEY, Camilla; QUEIROZ, Ligia Bruni; GUALANO, Bruno; PEREIRA, Rosa Maria Rodrigues; TANNURI, Uenis; CAMPOS, Lucia Maria Mattei de Arruda; LOURENCO, Benito; TOMA, Ricardo Katsuya; MEDEIROS, Karina; WATANABE, Andreia; GRANGEIRO, Patricia Moreno; BARROS, Vera da Penha Martellini Ferrari Rego; CASELLA, Caio Borba; FARHAT, Sylvia; POLANCZYK, Guilherme Vanoni; SILVA, Clovis ArturObjective: To evaluate physical and mental health indicators in adolescents with preexisting chronic immunocompromised conditions during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) quarantine. Methods: A cross-sectional study included 355 adolescents with chronic conditions and 111 healthy adolescents. An online self-rated survey was used to investigate socio-demographic features, healthcare routine, and the quarantine impact on physical and mental health. The validated self-reported version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was also applied. Results: The median of age [14 (10-18) vs. 15 (10-18) years, p = 0.733] and frequencies of female (61% vs. 60%, p = 0.970) were similar between adolescents with preexisting chronic conditions and healthy adolescents during quarantine of COVID-19 pandemic. The frequencies of abnormal total difficulties score of SDQ were similar in patients and controls (30% vs. 31%, p = 0.775). Logistic regression analysis showed that being female (OR = 1.965; 95% CI = 1.091-3.541, p = 0.024), fear of underlying disease activity/complication (OR = 1.009; 95%CI = 1.001-1.018, p = 0.030) were associated with severe psychosocial dysfunction in adolescents with chronic conditions, whereas school homework (OR = 0.449; 95% CI = 0.206-0.981, p = 0.045) and physical activity (OR = 0.990; 95% CI = 0.981-0.999, p = 0.030) were protective factors. Further analysis of patients with chronic immunocompromised conditions and previous diagnosis of mental disorders (9%) compared with patients without diagnosis showed higher median of total difficulties score (p = 0.001), emotional (p = 0.005), conduct (p = 0.007), peer problems (p = 0.001) and hyperactivity (p = 0.034) in the former group. Conclusion: Adolescents with preexisting chronic immunocompromised conditions during COVID-19 quarantine were not at higher risk of adverse health indicators. Being female, fear of underlying disease activity/complication, and household members working outside of the home were relevant issues for adolescents with preexisting chronic conditions. This study reinforces the need to establish mental health strategies for teens with chronic conditions, particularly during the pandemic. (C) 2021 Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. on behalf of Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria.
- Higher burnout scores in paediatric residents are associated with increased brain activity during attentional functional magnetic resonance imaging task(2016) ANDRADE, Anarella Penha Meirelles de; AMARO, Edson; FARHAT, Sylvia Costa Lima; SCHVARTSMAN, ClaudioAim: Burnout syndrome is common in healthcare workers. We evaluated its prevalence in paediatric residents and investigated its influence on cerebral function correlations, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), when they carried out an attentional paradigm. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study involved 28 residents from the Department of Paediatrics at the University of SAo Paulo. The functional MRI was carried out while the residents completed the Stroop colour word task paradigm to investigate their attentional task performance. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was applied, and stress was assessed using the Lipp Inventory of Stress Symptoms for Adults and by a visual analogue mood scale. Results: The MBI subscales of depersonalisation and emotional exhaustion indicated that 53.1% of the residents had moderate or high burnout syndrome. The whole-brain multivariate analysis showed positive correlations between the blood oxygenation level dependent effect and the MBI depersonalisation and emotional exhaustion indices in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which controls for anxiety. Conclusion: Increased brain activation during an attention task, measured using functional MRI, was associated with higher burnout scores in paediatric residents. This study provides a biological basis for the implementation of measures to reduce burnout syndrome at the start of residency training programmes.