FRANCIS TROMBINI DE SOUZA
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conferenceObject CHRONIC EFFECTS OF A FLEXIBLE AND MINIMALIST FOOTWEAR ON CLINICAL, FUNCTIONAL AND GAIT BIOMECHANICAL ASPECTS IN THE KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS: A SINGLE-BLIND RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL(2012) TROMBINI-SOUZA, F.; MATIAS, A.; YOKOTA, M.; SCHAINBERG, C.; FULLER, R.; SACCO, I. C.Purpose: Recent studies have shown that the acute use of shoes that mimic barefoot gait decrease substantially knee loads while walking in elderly with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Probably due to methodological difficulties to implement this type of conservative treatment during extended period, the effectiveness of minimalist footwear has not been evaluated yet in elderly patients with knee OA. The purpose is to describe a randomized clinical trial protocol for evaluating the therapeutic effect of a minimalist (flexible, non-heeled) and inexpensive footwear on clinical, functional, and biomechanical gait in elderly women with knee OA. Methods: Fifty six elderly women with knee OA grade 2 or 3 (Kellgren and Lawrence) will be randomized in blocks and allocated in the intervention group that will use a flexible non-heeled shoes- Moleca® forat least 6 hours daily or in the control group, which could not use these shoes or be under physical therapy or acupuncture treatment throughout these sis months. The use of Paracetamol 500 mg every six hour was allowed for both groups in case of pain. Moleca® (Calçados Beira Rio S.A., Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil) is a women's double canvas flexiblefl at walking shoe without heels, with a 5-mm anti-slip rubber sole and a 3-mm internal wedge of ethylene vinyl acetate. The mean weight is 172±19.6 g, ranging from 142 to 193 g depending on the size. Both groups will be followed during 6 months. They will be assessed at baseline condition, after 3 months (intervention group) and after 6 months of baseline condition(end of intervention, both groups). All the assessments will be performed by a physiotherapist that is blind to which group thepatient was allocated. The main outcome assessmentis the pain WOMAC score and the secondary outcomes are other WOMAC scores pain assessment (visual analogue scale - VAS), Lequesne index, Six-Minute Walk Test, and biomechanical gait analysis by means of 6 infrared cameras and a multi-component force plate to determine the knee adduction moment during gait. At baseline, all patients receive a diary to record the hours of daily use of footwear intervention. Every two weeks, the same physiotherapist carries phone calls to all patients in order to verify adherence to treatment and the correct filling this diary. Theinter group andinter-moments will be performed by repeated measures analysis of variance (α=0.05). This Trial was approved by the local Ethics Committee and was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01342458. Results: Six hundred thirty-four elderly women have been contacted so far and 20 have already been allocated in the intervention group (9) and in the control (11). Five patients from intervention group have already completed all 3 assessments and finished the protocol. The preliminary results have shown that the elderly women of the intervention group have used the Moleca® shoe for an average monthly of 7 hours and 24 minutes (±3:47), corresponding to approximately 50% of the home-work hours of the day. Conclusion: This is the first randomized clinical trial protocol to assess the chronic effect of a minimalist footwear on the clinical, functional and gait biomechanics of elderly women with knee osteoarthritis. We expect that the use of Moleca® shoes for 6 months provides pain relief, reduction of the knee adduction moment while walking and improves joint function in elderly women with knee OA, and therefore can be considered as another inexpensive option for conservative OA treatment. The authors are pleased to acknowledge the financial support of State of São Paulo Research Foundation - FAPESP (processes: 2011/01640-8, 2011/03300-0, 2011/03069-6).- Attenuation of foot pressure during running on four different surfaces: asphalt, concrete, rubber, and natural grass(2012) TESSUTTI, Vitor; RIBEIRO, Ana Paula; TROMBINI-SOUZA, Francis; SACCO, Isabel C. N.The practice of running has consistently increased worldwide, and with it, related lower limb injuries. The type of running surface has been associated with running injury etiology, in addition other factors, such as the relationship between the amount and intensity of training. There is still controversy in the literature regarding the biomechanical effects of different types of running surfaces on foot-floor interaction. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of running on asphalt, concrete, natural grass, and rubber on in-shoe pressure patterns in adult recreational runners. Forty-seven adult recreational runners ran twice for 40 m on all four different surfaces at 12 +/- 5% km . h(-1). Peak pressure, pressure-time integral, and contact time were recorded by Pedar X insoles. Asphalt and concrete were similar for all plantar variables and pressure zones. Running on grass produced peak pressures 9.3% to 16.6% lower (P < 0.001) than the other surfaces in the rearfoot and 4.7% to 12.3% (P < 0.05) lower in the forefoot. The contact time on rubber was greater than on concrete for the rearfoot and midfoot. The behaviour of rubber was similar to that obtained for the rigid surfaces - concrete and asphalt - possibly because of its time of usage (five years). Running on natural grass attenuates in-shoe plantar pressures in recreational runners. If a runner controls the amount and intensity of practice, running on grass may reduce the total stress on the musculoskeletal system compared with the total musculoskeletal stress when running on more rigid surfaces, such as asphalt and concrete.
- Joint loading decreased by inexpensive and minimalist footwear in elderly women with knee osteoarthritis during stair descent(2012) SACCO, I. C. N.; TROMBINI-SOUZA, F.; BUTUGAN, M. K.; PASSARO, A. C.; ARNONE, A. C.; FULLER, R.Objective Previous studies indicate that flexible footwear, which mimics the biomechanics of walking barefoot, results in decreased knee loads in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) during walking. However, the effect of flexible footwear on other activities of daily living, such as descending stairs, remains unclear. Our objective was to evaluate the influence of inexpensive and minimalist footwear (Moleca) on knee adduction moment (KAM) during stair descent of elderly women with and without knee OA. Methods. Thirty-four elderly women were equally divided into an OA group and a control group (CG). Stair descent was evaluated in barefoot condition, while wearing the Moleca, and while wearing heeled shoes. Kinematics and ground reaction forces were measured to calculate KAM by using inverse dynamics. Results. The OA group experienced a higher KAM during midstance under the barefoot condition (233.3%; P = 0.028), the Moleca (379.2%; P = 0.004), and heeled shoes (217.6%; P = 0.007). The OA group had a similar knee load during early, mid, and late stance with the Moleca compared with the barefoot condition. Heeled shoes increased the knee loads during the early-stance (versus barefoot [16.7%; P < 0.001] and versus the Moleca [15.5%; P < 0.001]), midstance (versus barefoot [8.6%; P = 0.014] and versus the Moleca [9.5%; P = 0.010]), and late-stance phase (versus barefoot [10.6%; P = 0.003] and versus the Moleca [9.2%; P < 0.001]). In the CG, the Moleca produced a knee load similar to the barefoot condition only during the early-stance phase. Conclusion. Besides the general foot protection, the inexpensive and minimalist footwear contributes to decreasing knee loads in elderly women with OA during stair descent. The loads are similar to the barefoot condition and effectively decreased when compared with heeled shoes.
conferenceObject BENEFIC EFFECT OF THE USE OF FLEXIBLE AND MINIMALIST FOOTWEAR ON KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS(2012) TROMBINI-SOUZA, Francis; YOKOTA, Mariane; MATIAS, Alessandra; GOLDENSTEIN-SCHAINBERG, Claudia; FULLER, Ricardo; SACCO, Isabel C. N.Objective(s): To analyze the therapeutic effect of chronic use of the flexible, nonheeled commercial shoe Moleca® on clinical aspects of women with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Material & Methods: Six women with an established diagnosis of knee OA according to ACR criteria were evaluated after assignment of approved informed consent. The intervention consisted of the use for a 6 month period of Moleca® footwear (RS, Brazil) for at least 6hours daily and for 7 days a week. This is a light (mean weight=172±19.6 g, range 142-193 g depending on size) double canvas flexible flat walking shoe nonheeled, with a 5-mm antislip rubber sole and a 3-mm internal wedge of ethylene vinyl acetate. Assessment was done at baseline and 6 months later. All patients were screened and evaluated by a rheumatologist at baseline for clinical examination and x-rays. Subsequent procedures were performed by the same physiotherapist to assess pain (visual analogue scale–VAS), WOMAC index and knee adduction moment during gait calculated by inverse dynamics method using 6 infrared cameras and a multicomponent force plate. T-test was used to compare pre/post intervention effects and P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean age of patients was 69±6 yrs, weight=65.9±12.1 kg, height=152±5 cm, BMI=28.6±4.9 kg/cm 2. Allwomen had knee OA grade 2 or 3 (Kellgren-Lawrence). Average use of Moleca® was 7:24±3:47 h monthly. Remarkably, 6 months after intervention, a reduction of 56.6% and 73.9% of VAS for pain at night and at the moment of assessment, respectively, was observed (P=0.048 and P=0.015). Total WOMAC score diminished 44.9% (p=0.001), WOMAC pain subscale decreased 55.2% (p=0.015), and WOMAC function index improved 43.6% (p=0.004). The first (p= 0.533) and the second (p=0.686) knee adduction moment peaks were alike, while significant reduction of 11.2% in knee loading (p=0.001) was achieved during midstance. Conclusion(s): We have demonstrated in this pilot study that elderly women with knee OA have a benefit effect on pain and function following a 6 month period of use of a specific flexible, nonheeled shoe. These preliminary results warrant further studies aiming to evaluate long term benefit of this intervention in a larger sample population.- Effectiveness of a long-term use of a minimalist footwear versus habitual shoe on pain, function and mechanical loads in knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial(2012) TROMBINI-SOUZA, Francis; FULLER, Ricardo; MATIAS, Alessandra; YOKOTA, Mariane; BUTUGAN, Marco; GOLDENSTEIN-SCHAINBERG, Claudia; SACCO, Isabel C. N.Background: Recent studies have shown an important reduction of joint overload during locomotion in elderly women with knee osteoarthritis (OA) after short- term use of minimalist shoes. Our aim is to investigate the chronic effect of inexpensive and minimalist footwear on the clinical and functional aspects of OA and gait biomechanics of elderly women with knee OA. Methods/Design: Fifty-six elderly women with knee OA grade 2 or 3 (Kellgren and Lawrence) are randomized into blocks and allocated to either the intervention group, which will use flexible, non-heeled shoes-Moleca (R)-for six months for at least six hours daily, or the control group, which could not use these shoes. Neither group is undergoing physical therapy treatment throughout the intervention period. Moleca (R) is a women's double canvas, flexible, flat walking shoe without heels, with a 5-mm anti-slip rubber sole and a 3-mm internal wedge of ethylene vinyl acetate. Both groups will be followed for six months and will be assessed at baseline condition, after three months, and after six months (end of intervention). All the assessments will be performed by a physiotherapist that is blind to the group allocation. The primary outcome is the pain Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) score. The secondary outcomes are global WOMAC score; joint stiffness and disability WOMAC scores; knee pain with a visual analogue scale; walking distance in the six-minute walk test; Lequesne score; amount and frequency (number of days) of paracetamol (500 mg) intake over six months; knee adduction moment during gait; global medical assessment score; and global patient auto-assessment score. At baseline, all patients receive a diary to record the hours of daily use of the footwear intervention; every two weeks, the same physiotherapist makes phone calls to all patients in order to verify adherence to treatment. The statistical analysis will be based on intention to treat analysis, as well as general linear models of analysis of variance for repeated measure to detect treatment-time interactions (alpha = 5%). Discussion: This is the first randomized, clinical trial protocol to assess the chronic effect of minimalist footwear on the clinical and functional aspects and gait biomechanics of elderly women with knee osteoarthritis. We expect that the use of Moleca (R) shoes for six months will provide pain relief, reduction of the knee adduction moment when walking, and improve joint function in elderly women with knee OA, and that the treatment, thus, can be considered another inexpensive and easy-to-use option for conservative OA treatment.