KARINA INACIO LADISLAU DE CARVALHO SALMAZI
Projetos de Pesquisa
Unidades Organizacionais
5 resultados
Resultados de Busca
Agora exibindo 1 - 5 de 5
- Lower numbers of natural killer T cells in HIV-1 and Mycobacterium leprae co-infected patients(2012) CARVALHO, Karina I.; BRUNO, Fernanda R.; SNYDER-CAPPIONE, Jennifer E.; MAEDA, Solange M.; TOMIMORI, Jane; XAVIER, Marilia B.; HASLETT, Patrick A.; NIXON, Douglas F.; KALLAS, Esper G.Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a heterogeneous population of lymphocytes that recognize antigens presented by CD1d and have attracted attention because of their potential role linking innate and adaptive immune responses. Peripheral NKT cells display a memory-activated phenotype and can rapidly secrete large amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines upon antigenic activation. In this study, we evaluated NKT cells in the context of patients co-infected with HIV-1 and Mycobacterium leprae. The volunteers were enrolled into four groups: 22 healthy controls, 23 HIV-1-infected patients, 20 patients with leprosy and 17 patients with leprosy and HIV-1-infection. Flow cytometry and ELISPOT assays were performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We demonstrated that patients co-infected with HIV-1 and M.leprae have significantly lower NKT cell frequencies [median 0.022%, interquartile range (IQR): 0.0070.051] in the peripheral blood when compared with healthy subjects (median 0.077%, IQR: 0.0320.405, P < 0.01) or HIV-1 mono-infected patients (median 0.072%, IQR: 0.0300.160, P < 0.05). Also, more NKT cells from co-infected patients secreted interferon-? after stimulation with DimerX, when compared with leprosy mono-infected patients (P = 0.05). These results suggest that NKT cells are decreased in frequency in HIV-1 and M.leprae co-infected patients compared with HIV-1 mono-infected patients alone, but are at a more activated state. Innate immunity in human subjects is strongly influenced by their spectrum of chronic infections, and in HIV-1-infected subjects, a concurrent mycobacterial infection probably hyper-activates and lowers circulating NKT cell numbers.
- Early immunologic and virologic predictors of clinical HIV-1 disease progression(2013) MAHNKE, Yolanda D.; SONG, Kaimei; SAUER, Mariana M.; NASON, Martha C.; GIRET, Maria Teresa M.; CARVALHO, Karina I.; COSTA, Priscilla R.; ROEDERER, Mario; KALLAS, Esper G.Objective: To identify early determinants of HIV-1 disease progression, which could potentially enable individualized patient treatment, and provide correlates of progression applicable as reference phenotypes to evaluate breakthrough infections in vaccine development. Design: High-throughput technologies were employed to interrogate multiple parameters on cryopreserved, retrospective peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from 51 individuals from Sao Paulo, Brazil, obtained within 1 year of diagnosing early Clade B HIV-1 infection. Fast Progressors, Slow Progressors, and Controllers were identified based on a 2-year clinical follow-up. Methods: Phenotypic and functional T-cell parameters were tested by flow cytometry and qPCR to identify potential early determinants of subsequent HIV-1 disease progression. Results: Major differences were observed between Controllers and Progressors, especially in cell-associated viral load (CAVL), the differentiation pattern and CD38 expression of CD8(+) T cells, and the cytokine pattern and activation phenotype of HIV-1-specific CD8(+) T cells. Despite remarkably few other differences between the two Progressor groups, the CAVL had predictive power independent of plasma viral load. Conclusion: Analysis of three parameters (% CD38(+)CD8(+) T cells, total CAVL,% CCR5(+) CD8(+) T cells) was sufficient to predict subsequent disease progression (P < 0.001). Use of such prognostic correlates may be crucial when early CD4(+) T-cell counts and plasma viral load levels fail to discriminate among groups with differing subsequent clinical progression. (C) 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins AIDS 2013, 27:697-706
- Expansion of a subset of CD14(high)CD16(neg)CCR2(low/neg) monocytes functionally similar to myeloid-derived suppressor cells during SIV and HIV infection(2012) GAMA, Lucio; SHIRK, Erin N.; RUSSELL, Julia N.; CARVALHO, Karina I.; LI, Ming; QUEEN, Suzanne E.; KALIL, Jorge; ZINK, M. Christine; CLEMENTS, Janice E.; KALLAS, Esper G.Monocytes have been categorized in three main subpopulations based on CD14 and CD16 surface expression. Classical monocytes express the CD14(++)CD16(-) CCR2(+) phenotype and migrate to inflammatory sites by quickly responding to CCL2 signaling. Here, we identified and characterized the expansion of a novel monocyte subset during HIV and SIV infection, which were undistinguishable from classical monocytes, based on CD14 and CD16 expression, but expressed significantly lower surface CCR2. Transcriptome analysis of sorted cells demonstrated that the CCR2(low/neg) cells are a distinct subpopulation and express lower levels of inflammatory cytokines and activation markers than their CCR2(high) counterparts. They exhibited impaired phagocytosis and greatly diminished chemotaxis in response to CCL2 and CCL7. In addition, these monocytes are refractory to SIV infection and suppress CD8(+) T cell proliferation in vitro. These cells express higher levels of STAT3 and NOS2, suggesting a phenotype similar to monocytic myeloid-derived cells, which suppress expansion of CD8(+) T cells in vivo. They may reflect an antiproliferative response against the extreme immune activation observed during HIV and SIV infections. In addition, they may suppress antiviral responses and thus, have a role in AIDS pathogenesis. Antiretroviral therapy in infected macaque and human subjects caused this population to decline, suggesting that this atypical phenotype is linked to viral replication. J. Leukoc. Biol. 91: 803-816; 2012.
- Chemokines in the pathogenesis of endometriosis and infertility(2013) BORRELLI, G. M.; CARVALHO, K. I.; KALLAS, E. G.; MECHSNER, S.; BARACAT, E. C.; ABRAO, M. S.Endometriosis is a chronic benign disease that affects women of reproductive age causing abdominal pain and infertility. Its pathogenesis remains obscure despite all the research conducted over the past 100 years. However, there is a consensus among the specialists that the basis of its pathophysiology would be multifactorial. Many publications have demonstrated that chemokines are somehow associated with the development of endometriosis and infertility. In this study, we reviewed all PubMed literature using MeSH terms ""chemokines"" and ""endometriosis"" as well as ""chemokines"" and ""female infertility"" to establish what we know and what we do not yet know about this relationship.
- Low Sensitivity of NS1 Protein Tests Evidenced during a Dengue Type 2 Virus Outbreak in Santos, Brazil, in 2010(2012) FELIX, Alvina Clara; ROMANO, Camila Malta; CENTRONE, Cristiane de Campos; RODRIGUES, Celia Lima; VILLAS-BOAS, Lucy; ARAUJO, Evaldo Stanislau; MATOS, Andreia Manso de; CARVALHO, Karina Inacio; MARTELLI, Celina Maria Turchi; KALLAS, Esper Georges; PANNUTI, Claudio Sergio; LEVI, Jose EduardoIn 2010, a large outbreak of dengue occurred in Santos, Brazil. The detection of the NS1 antigen was used for diagnosis in addition to the detection of IgG, IgM, and RNA. A large number of NS1 false-negative results were obtained. A total of 379 RNA-positive samples were selected for thorough evaluation. NS1 was reactive in 37.7% of cases. Most of the cases were characterized as a secondary infection by dengue 2 virus. Sequencing of NS1 positive and negative isolates did not reveal any mutation that could justify the diagnostic failure. Use of existing NS1 tests in the Brazilian population may present a low negative predictive value, and they should be used with caution, preferentially after performing a validation with samples freshly obtained during the ongoing epidemic.