TIANA CARLA LOPES MOREIRA
Projetos de Pesquisa
Unidades Organizacionais
LIM/05 - Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica Experimental, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina
3 resultados
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- Spatial-temporal variability of metal pollution across an industrial district, evidencing the environmental inequality in Sao Paulo(2020) LOCOSSELLI, Giuliano Maselli; MOREIRA, Tiana Carla Lopes; CHACON-MADRIZ, Katherine; ARRUDA, Marco Aurelio Zezzi; CAMARGO, Evelyn Pereira de; KAMIGAUTI, Leonardo Yoshiaki; TRINDADE, Ricardo Ivan Ferreira da; ANDRADE, Maria de Fatima; ANDRE, Carmen Diva Saldiva de; ANDRE, Paulo Afonso de; SINGER, Julio M.; SAIKI, Mitiko; ZACCARELLI-MARINO, Maria Angela; SALDIVA, Paulo Hilario Nascimento; BUCKERIDGE, Marcos SilveiraAlthough air pollution decreased in some cities that shifted from an industrial to a service-based economy, and vehicular emission regulation became more restrictive, it is still a major risk factor for mortality worldwide. In central Sao Paulo, Brazil, air quality monitoring stations and tree-ring analyses revealed a decreasing trend in the concentrations of particulate matter and metals. Such trends, however, may not be observed in industrial districts located in the urban periphery, where the usual mobile sources may be combined with local stationary sources. To evaluate environmental pollution in an industrial district in southeastern Sao Paulo, we assessed its spatial variability, by measuring magnetic properties and concentrations of Al, Ba, Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P, S, Sr, Zn in the bark of 62 trees, and its temporal trends, by measuring Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, Zn in tree rings of three trees. Source apportionment analysis based on tree barks revealed two clusters with high concentrations of metals, one related to vehicular and industrial emissions (Al, Ba, Cu, Fe, Zn) in the east side of the industrial cluster, and the other related to soil resuspension (Cu, Zn, Mn) in its west side. These patterns are also supported by the magnetic properties of bark associated with iron oxides and titanium-iron alloy concentrations. Dendrochemical analyses revealed that only the concentrations of Pb consistently decreased over the last four decades. The concentrations of Cd, Cu, Ni, V, and Zn did not significantly decrease over time, in contrast with their negative trends previously reported in central Sao Paulo. This combined biomonitoring approach revealed spatial clusters of metal concentration in the vicinity of this industrial cluster and showed that the local population has not benefited from the decreasing polluting metal concentrations in the last decades.
- Green Spaces, Land Cover, Street Trees and Hypertension in the Megacity of Sao Paulo(2020) MOREIRA, Tiana C. L.; POLIZEL, Jefferson L.; SANTOS, Itamar de Souza; FILHO, Demostenes F. Silva; BENSENOR, Isabela; LOTUFO, Paulo A.; MAUAD, ThaisProximity to green spaces has been shown to be beneficial to several cardiovascular outcomes in urban spaces. Few studies, however, have analyzed the relationship between these outcomes and green space or land cover uses in low-medium income megacities, where the consequences of rapid and inordinate urbanization impose several health hazards. This study used a subgroup of the dataset from The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health ELSA-BRASIL (n = 3418) to identify the correlation between the medical diagnosis of hypertension and green spaces in the megacity of Sao Paulo. Land cover classification was performed based on the random forest algorithm using geometrically corrected aerial photography (orthophoto). Three different indicators of exposure to green spaces were used: number of street trees, land cover and number of parks within 1 km. We used logistic regression models to obtain the association of the metrics exposure and health outcomes. The number of street trees in the regional governments (OR = 0.937 and number of parks within 1 km (OR = 0.876) were inversely associated with a diagnosis of hypertension. Sixty-three percent of the population had no parks within 1 km of their residence. Our data indicate the need to encourage large-scale street tree planting and increase the number of qualified parks in megacities.
- Tree rings reveal the reduction of Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb pollution in the central region of Sao Paulo, Brazil(2018) LOCOSSELLI, Giuliano Maselli; CHACON-MADRID, Katherine; ARRUDA, Marco Aurelio Zezzi; CAMARGO, Evelyn Pereira de; MOREIRA, Tiana Carla Lopes; ANDRE, Carmen Diva Saldiva de; ANDRE, Paulo Afonso de; SINGER, Julio M.; SALDIVA, Paulo Hilario Nascimento; BUCKERIDGE, Marcos SilveiraThe concern about environmental pollution has risen in the last decades because of its effects on human's health. However, evaluation of the exposure to certain pollutants is currently hampered by the availability of past environmental data. Tree rings are an alternative to reconstruct environmental variability of pre-instrumental periods. Nevertheless, this approach has some reported limitations including migration of chemical elements in the tree rings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of Cd, Cu, Hg, Na, Ni, Pb, Zn in the tree rings of Tipuana tipu (Fabaceae) to aid the reconstruction of past environmental pollution. We sampled trees in the central region of the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil, and scanned their tree rings using LA-ICP-MS. We used these data to evaluate the temporal trends of chemical elements under investigation. Results show a non-random distribution of these chemical elements within the tree rings, with higher content in the cell-walls of vessels and lower content in the fibers. Sodium was the only element intimately related to the axial parenchyma cells. Due to differences in elemental composition of xylem cells, temporal trends where evaluated using distinct quartiles of data distribution in each tree ring. The first quartile represents the lower content found in fibers and parenchyma, while the third quartile corresponds to the higher content found in vessels. Data from vessels better represent the decreasing trend of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Ni in the last three decades. This reduction is less significant for Na and Zn. Our results highlight the potential to improve the records of environmental pollution using data from different cells. Pronounced reduction in Pb may be attributed to the lead phase-out in gasoline, while the decreasing trend of Cd, Cu, Ni pollution is probably related to increasing efficiency of vehicles and the deindustrialization of Sao Paulo. Chemical elements are non-randomly distributed in tree rings. Chemical content of vessels cell-walls is a reliable record of metal pollution, which is decreasing in Sao Paulo. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier Ltd.