RICCARDO GOMES GOBBI
Projetos de Pesquisa
Unidades Organizacionais
Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina
LIM/41 - Laboratório de Investigação Médica do Sistema Músculoesquelético, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina
LIM/41 - Laboratório de Investigação Médica do Sistema Músculoesquelético, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina
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- Evaluation of the isometry of different points of the patella and femur for medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction(2016) GOBBI, Riccardo Gomes; PEREIRA, Cesar Augusto Martins; SADIGURSKY, David; DEMANGE, Marco Kawamura; TIRICO, Luis Eduardo Passarelli; PECORA, Jose Ricardo; CAMANHO, Gilberto LuisBackground: The location of patellar and femoral fixation of the graft in medial patellofemoral ligament reconstructions has been widely discussed. This study aimed to assess the distances between different patellar and femoral fixation points to identify the least anisometric pairs of points. Methods: Ten cadaver knees were attached to an apparatus that simulated an active range of motion of 120, with three metallic markers fixed onto the medial side of the patella, and seven markings onto the medial epicondyle. The examined points included the proximal patella pole (1), the patellar center (3), the midpoint between points 1 and 3 (2), a point directly on the epicondyle (6), points 5 mm anterior (5) and posterior (7) to the epicondyle, points 5 mm anterior to point 5 (4) and 5 mm posterior to point 7 (8), and points 5 mm proximal (9) and distal (10) to the epicondyle. The distances between patella and femur points were measured by a photogrammetry system at 15 degrees intervals. Findings: The pair of points that exhibited the lowest average variability in distance, and hence was the most isometric, was the patella center combined with the anterior to the medial femoral epicondyle. The pairs of points that exhibited the highest average variability in distance, and hence were the least isometric, were the ones located distal or posterior to the medial femoral epicondyle, with less influence by the patellar location. Interpretation: Surgeons should avoid positioning the graft distally or posterior to the epicondyle due to the increase in anisometry.
- Fatigue meniscal tears: a description of the lesion and the results of arthroscopic partial meniscectomy(2016) DEMANGE, Marco Kawamura; GOBBI, Riccardo Gomes; CAMANHO, Gilberto LuisPurpose The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical outcomes of partial meniscectomy in patients with ""fatigue meniscal tear"", which presents as a non-traumatic tear with abrupt onset of symptoms of a radial tear in the transition between the middle and posterior thirds of the meniscus. Methods We prospectively followed 71 patients with ""fatigue meniscal tear"" (41 women and 30 men, mean age of 63 years, SD 6.9 years) recruited among 497 patients with isolated medial meniscal lesions treated between January 2006 and June 2011. Inclusion criteria were spontaneous abrupt onset knee pain, minor or no trauma, no radiographic or MRI osteoarthritis, no bone oedema, pre-operative magnetic resonance image of medial meniscus tear, and arthroscopic evaluation demonstrating radial or vertical flap tear in the body to posterior horn junction of the medial meniscus. We followed all patients for a minimum of two years and reviewed their clinical symptoms, physical exam, functional outcome, and patient satisfaction at last follow-up. Results The average follow-up was 4.2 years, with a minimum follow-up of two years. Among the 71 patients, there were 59 (83.1 %) good or excellent results and 12 (16.9 %) poor results. These 12 patients demanded further treatment because of persistent pain, with three of the patients developing subchondral bone fracture. All patient complaints and poor outcomes could be identified in the initial six months after surgery. There was no gender difference in the subgroup analysis. Conclusion Our findings indicate that patients with ""fatigue meniscal tear"" benefit from arthroscopic partial meniscectomy, with only 16.9 % reporting unfavourable results.
- Effect of muscle contractions on cartilage: morphological and functional magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of the knee after spinal cord injury(2016) DEMANGE, Marco Kawamura; HELITO, Camilo Partezani; HELITO, Paulo Victor Partezani; SOUZA, Felipe Ferreira de; GOBBI, Riccardo Gomes; CRISTANTE, Alexandre FogaçaABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of complete absence of muscle contractions on normal human cartilage in the presence of joint motion. METHODS: Patients with complete acute spinal cord injuries were enrolled. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on both knees as soon as their medical condition was stable and at six months after the primary lesion. All patients received rehabilitation treatment that included lower-limb passive motion exercises twice a day. The MRIs were analyzed by two radiologists with expertise in musculoskeletal disorders. A region of interest was established at the patellar facets and trochlea, and T2 relaxation times were calculated. The area under the cartilage T2 relaxation time curve was calculated and standardized. RESULTS: Fourteen patients with complete spinal cord injuries were enrolled, but only eight patients agreed to participate in the study and signed the informed consent statement. Two patients could not undergo knee MRI due to their clinical conditions. Initial knee MRIs were performed on six patients. After six months, only two patients underwent the second bilateral knee MRI. Both patients were neurologically classified as Frankel A. An increase in T2 values on the six-month MRI was observed for both knees, especially in the patellofemoral joint. CONCLUSION: The absence of muscle contractions seems to be deleterious to normal human knee cartilage even in the presence of a normal range of motion. Further studies with a larger number of patients, despite their high logistical complexity, must be performed to confirm this hypothesis.
- Why Do Authors Differ With Regard to the Femoral and Meniscal Anatomic Parameters of the Knee Anterolateral Ligament? Dissection by Layers and a Description of Its Superficial and Deep Layers(2016) HELITO, Camilo Partezani; AMARAL JR., Carlos do; NAKAMICHI, Yuri da Cunha; GOBBI, Riccardo Gomes; BONADIO, Marcelo Batista; NATALINO, Renato Jose Mendonca; PECORA, Jose Ricardo; CARDOSO, Tulio Pereira; CAMANHO, Gilberto Luis; DEMANGE, Marco KawamuraBackground: No consensus exists regarding the anatomic characteristics of the knee anterolateral ligament (ALL). A critical analysis of the dissections described in previous studies allows the division of the ALL into 2 groups with similar characteristics. The presence of considerable variability suggests that the authors may not be referring to the same structure. Purpose/Hypothesis: To perform a lateral anatomic dissection, by layers, seeking to characterize the 2 variants described for the ALL on the same knee. We hypothesized that we would identify the 2 variants described for the ALL and that these variants would have distinct characteristics. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Thirteen unpaired cadaveric knees were used in this study. The dissection protocol followed the parameters described in previous studies. Immediately below the iliotibial tract, we isolated a structure designated as the superficial ALL, whereas between this structure and the articular capsule, we isolated a structure designated as the deep ALL. The 2 structures were measured for length at full extension and at 90 degrees of flexion and for distance from the tibial insertion relative to the Gerdy tubercle. Potential contact with the lateral meniscus was also evaluated. After measurements were obtained, the 2 dissected structures underwent histologic analysis. Results: The superficial ALL presented a posterior and proximal origin to the center of the lateral epicondyle, its length increased on knee extension, and it exhibited no contact with the lateral meniscus. The deep ALL was located in the center of the lateral epicondyle, its length increased on knee flexion, and it presented a meniscal insertion. Both structures had a similar tibial insertion site; however, the insertion site of the deep ALL was located more posteriorly. The analysis of the histological sections for both structures indicated the presence of dense and well-organized collagen fibers. Conclusion: This anatomic study clearly identified 2 structures, described as the superficial and deep ALL, which were consistent with previous but conflicting descriptions of the ALL. Clinical Relevance: This study clarifies numerous controversies encountered in anatomic studies of the ALL. Knowledge regarding the existence of 2 distinct structures in the anterolateral knee will allow more accurate evaluation of their functions and characteristics.
- Development of a Fresh Osteochondral Allograft Program Outside North America(2016) TIRICO, Luis Eduardo Passarelli; DEMANGE, Marco Kawamura; SANTOS, Luiz Augusto Ubirajara; REZENDE, Marcia Uchoa de; HELITO, Camilo Partezani; GOBBI, Riccardo Gomes; PECORA, Jose Ricardo; CROCI, Alberto Tesconi; BUGBEE, William DickObjective. To standardize and to develop a fresh osteochondral allograft protocol of procurement, processing and surgical utilization in Brazil. This study describes the steps recommended to make fresh osteochondral allografts a viable treatment option in a country without previous fresh allograft availability. Design. The process involves regulatory process modification, developing and establishing procurement, and processing and surgical protocols. Results. Legislation: Fresh osteochondral allografts were not feasible in Brazil until 2009 because the law prohibited preservation of fresh grafts at tissue banks. We approved an amendment that made it legal to preserve fresh grafts for 30 days from 2 degrees C to 6 degrees C in tissue banks. Procurement: We changed the protocol of procurement to decrease tissue contamination. All tissues were procured in an operating room. Processing: Processing of the grafts took place within 12 hours of tissue recovery. A serum-free culture media with antibiotics was developed to store the grafts. Surgeries: We have performed 8 fresh osteochondral allografts on 8 knees obtaining grafts from 5 donors. Mean preoperative International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score was 31.99 +/- 13.4, improving to 81.26 +/- 14.7 at an average of 24 months' follow-up. Preoperative Knee Injury and Oseoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) score was 46.8 +/- 20.9 and rose to 85.24 +/- 13.9 after 24 months. Mean preoperative Merle D'Aubigne-Postel score was 8.75 +/- 2.25 rising to 16.1 +/- 2.59 at 24 months' follow-up. Conclusion. To our knowledge, this is the first report of fresh osteochondral allograft transplantation in South America. We believe that this experience may be of value for physicians in countries that are trying to establish an osteochondral allograft transplant program.
- Combined Reconstruction of the Medial Patellofemoral Ligament With Quadricipital Tendon and the Medial Patellotibial Ligament With Patellar Tendon(2016) HINCKEL, Betina Bremer; GOBBI, Riccardo Gomes; DEMANGE, Marco Kawamura; BONADIO, Marcelo Batista; PECORA, Jose Ricardo; CAMANHO, Gilberto LuisAlthough the medial patellotibial ligament (MPTL) has been neglected regarding its function in patellar stability, recently, its importance in terminal extension and during flexion has been recognized. Indications for reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament combined with the MPTL are extension subluxation, flexion instability, children with anatomic risk factors for patellar instability, and knee hyperextension associated with generalized laxity. We describe a combined reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament with quadricipital tendon and reconstruction of the MPTL with patellar tendon autografts.
- Reconstruction of medial patellofemoral ligament using quadriceps tendon combined with reconstruction of medial patellotibial ligament using patellar tendon: initial experience(2016) HINCKEL, Betina Bremer; GOBBI, Riccardo Gomes; BONADIO, Marcelo Batista; DEMANGE, Marco Kawamura; PÉCORA, José Ricardo; CAMANHO, Gilberto LuisABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To describe a surgical technique for anatomical reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament using the quadriceps tendon, combined with reconstruction of the medial patellotibial ligament using the patellar tendon; and to present the initial results from a case series. METHOD: The proposed technique was used on a series of cases of patients with diagnoses of patellofemoral instability and indications for surgical treatment, who were attended by the Knee Group of HC-IOT, University of São Paulo. The following were evaluated before and after the operation: range of motion (ROM), apprehension test, lateral translation test, patellar inclination test, inverted J sign, subluxation upon extension, pain from compression of the patella and pain from contraction of the quadriceps. After the operation, the patients were asked whether any new episode of dislocation had occurred, what their degree of satisfaction with the surgery was (on a scale from 0 to 10) and whether they would be prepared to go through this operation again. RESULTS: Seven knees were operated, in seven patients, with a mean follow-up of 5.46 months (±2.07). Four patients who presented apprehension before the operation did not show this after the operation. The lateral translation test became normal for all the patients, while the patellar inclination test remained positive for two patients. The patients with an inverted J sign continued to be positive for this sign. Five patients were positive for subluxation upon extension before the operation, but all patients were negative for this after the operation. None of the patients presented any new episode of dislocation of the patella. All of them stated that they were satisfied: five gave a satisfaction score of 9 and two, a score of 10. All of them said that they would undergo the operation again. Only one patient presented a postoperative complication: dehiscence of the wound. CONCLUSION: Reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament using the quadriceps tendon, combined with reconstruction of the medial patellotibial ligament using the patellar tendon, was technically safe and presented good objective and subjective clinical results in this case series with a short follow-up.
- Is it safe to reconstruct the knee Anterolateral Ligament with a femoral tunnel? Frequency of Lateral Collateral Ligament and Popliteus Tendon injury(2016) HELITO, Camilo Partezani; BONADIO, Marcelo Batista; GOBBI, Riccardo Gomes; ALBUQUERQUE, Roberto Freire da Mota e; PECORA, Jose Ricardo; CAMANHO, Gilberto Luis; DEMANGE, Marco KawamuraThis study sought to determine the safety limits for performing a femoral bone tunnel to reconstruct the knee anterolateral ligament (ALL) by establishing its distance from the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) and the popliteus muscle tendon (PT) on the lateral femoral condyle. Anatomic study on 48 knee cadaveric specimens. The femoral attachments of the studied structures were isolated, and the distance between them was measured. For each cadaver, the percentage of cases in which at least 50 % of the LCL and PT would be injured when using 4- to 12-mm-diameter drills in an ALL reconstruction procedure was evaluated. The LCL and PT were 3.8 mm and 10.2 mm distant from the ALL, respectively. A 4-mm tunnel would cause LCL injury in 8.3 % of cases, with increasing incidence of injury up to 87.5 % with a 12-mm drill. Injury to the PT would start with the 10-mm drill, causing injury in 2.0 % of cases. Performing a tunnel in the center of the ALL may cause an iatrogenic injury to the LCL origin. No cases of PT injury are expected to occur with drills smaller than 10 mm.
- PLATEAU-PATELLA ANGLE: AN OPTION FOR ASSESSING PATELLAR HEIGHT ON PROXIMAL TIBIA OSTEOTOMY(2016) BONADIO, Marcelo Batista; TORRES, Julio Augusto do Prado; MAZZARO FILHO, Vicente; HELITO, Camilo Partezani; GOBBI, Riccardo Gomes; DEMANGE, Marco KawamuraObjective: To compare the plateau-patella angle method to the methods already established for patellar height measurement in patients undergoing high tibial osteotomy. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 13 patients undergoing medial opening tibial osteotomy. The patellar height was measured in pre and postoperative radiographs by the methods from Insall-Salvati, Caton-Deschamps, Blackburne-Peel and patella-plateau angle, as well as the tibial slope and length of the patellar tendon. Measurements were performed by two knee surgeons at two different times. Results: The mean age was 41.33 +/- 01.09 years old. The average rates of Caton-Deschamps, Blackburne-Peel, Insall-Salvati and plateau-patella angle were, respectively, 1.00; 0.89; 1.10; and 23.15 degrees preoperatively, and 0.89; 0.78; 1.11; and 20.46 degrees, postoperatively. The correlation of Caton-Deschamps, Blackburne-Pell, and Insall-Salvati indexes and plateau-patellar angle interobserver was 0.72 (p < 0.001), 0: 54 (p < 0.001), 0.65 (p < 0.001), and 0.67 (w < 0.001), respectively. Conclusion: The plateau-patella angle method undergoes changes that are correlated with changes in tibial slope after osteotomy, unlike the classical methods. This fact may lead to overestimate the reduction of patellar height after osteotomy.
- The Effect of Mechanical Varus on Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Lateral Collateral Ligament Stress: Finite Element Analyses(2016) HINCKEL, Betina B.; DEMANGE, Marco K.; GOBBI, Riccardo G.; PECORA, Jose Ricardo; CAMANHO, Gilberto LuisThe current study analyzed changes in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and lateral collateral ligament stress as a result of mechanical varus. In an exploratory pilot study, progressive mechanical varus was introduced to a male finite element model of the lower limb at different knee flexion angles. Nine situations were analyzed (combinations of 0 degrees, 30 degrees, and 60 degrees knee flexion and 0 degrees, 5 degrees, and 10 degrees varus). The ACL stress was measured via changes in section force, von Mises stress, and fiber stress. Lateral collateral ligament stress was measured via changes in section force. For all 3 measures of the ACL, maximum stress values were found in extension, stress decreased with flexion, and the effect of varus introduction was most significant at 30 degrees flexion. With 60 degrees flexion, varus introduction produced a decrease in section force and von Mises stress and a small increase in fiber stress. In all situations and stress measures except fiber stress at 60 degrees flexion, stress was concentrated at the posterolateral bundle. For the lateral collateral ligament, the introduction of 5 degrees and 10 degrees varus caused an increase in section force at all degrees of flexion. Stress in the ligament decreased with flexion. Mechanical varus of less than 10 degrees was responsible for increased ACL stress, particularly at 0 degrees and 30 degrees knee flexion, and for increased lateral collateral ligament stress at all degrees of flexion. Stress was mostly concentrated on the posterolateral bundle of the ACL.