ANA CRISTINA BREITHAUPT FALOPPA

(Fonte: Lattes)
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LIM/11 - Laboratório de Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Fisiopatologia da Circulação, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina

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  • article 35 Citação(ões) na Scopus
    SARS-CoV-2 and the possible connection to ERs, ACE2, and RAGE: Focus on susceptibility factors
    (2020) STILHANO, Roberta Sessa; COSTA, Angelica Jardim; NISHINO, Michelle Sayuri; SHAMS, Shahin; BARTOLOMEO, Cynthia Silva; BREITHAUPT-FALOPPA, Ana Cristina; SILVA, Eduardo Alexandre; RAMIREZ, Ana Lopez; PRADO, Carla Maximo; URESHINO, Rodrigo Portes
    The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has provoked major stresses on the health-care systems of several countries, and caused the death of more than a quarter of a million people globally, mainly in the elderly population with preexisting pathologies. Previous studies with coronavirus (SARS-CoV) point to gender differences in infection and disease progression with increased susceptibility in male patients, indicating that estrogens may be associated with physiological protection against the coronavirus. Therefore, the objectives of this work are threefold. First, we aim to summarize the SARS-CoV-2 infection pathway and the roles both the virus and patient play in COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) progression, clinical symptomatology, and mortality. Second, we detail the effect estrogen has on viral infection and host infection response, including its role in both the regulation of key viral receptor expression and the mediation of inflammatory activity. Finally, we describe how ERs (estrogen receptors) and RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end-products) play a critical role in metabolic pathways, which we envisage could maintain a close interplay with SARS-CoV and COVID-19 mortality rates, despite a current lack of research directly determining how. Taken together, we present the current state of the field regarding SARS-CoV-2 research and illuminate where research is needed to better define the role both estrogen and metabolic comorbidities have in the COVID-19 disease state, which can be key in screening potential therapeutic options as the search for effective treatments continue.
  • article 59 Citação(ões) na Scopus
    17 beta-Estradiol, a potential ally to alleviate SARS-CoV2 infection
    (2020) BREITHAUPT-FALOPPA, Ana Cristina; CORREIA, Cristiano de Jesus; PRADO, Carla Maximo; STILHANO, Roberta Sessa; URESHINO, Rodrigo Portes; MOREIRA, Luiz Felipe Pinho
    Considering that female sexual hormones may modulate the inflammatory response and also exhibit direct effects on the cells of the immune system, herein, we intend to discuss the sex differences and the role of estradiol in modulating the lung and systemic inflammatory response, focusing on its possible application as a treatment modality for SARS-CoV-2 patients. COVID-19 patients develop severe hypoxemia early in the course of the disease, which is silent most of the time. Small fibrinous thrombi in pulmonary arterioles and a tumefaction of endothelial were observed in the autopsies of fatal COVID-19 cases. Studies showed that the viral infection induces a vascular process in the lung, which included vasodilation and endothelial dysfunction. Further, the proportions of CD4+ T and CD8+ T lymphocytes were strongly reduced in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Estradiol is connected with CD4+ T cell numbers and increases T-reg cell populations, affecting immune responses to infection. It is known that estradiol exerts a protective effect on endothelial function, activating the generation of nitric oxide (NO) via endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Estrogen attenuates the vasoconstrictor response to various stimuli and induces vasodilation in the pulmonary vasculature during stress situations like hypoxia. It exerts a variety of rapid actions, which are initiated after its coupling with membrane receptors, which in turn, may positively modulate vascular responses in pulmonary disease and help to maintain microvascular flow. Direct and indirect mechanisms underlying the effects of estradiol were investigated, and the results point to a possible protective effect of estradiol against COVID-19, indicating that it may be considered as an adjuvant therapeutic element for the treatment of patients affected by the novel coronavirus.