PAULO HILARIO NASCIMENTO SALDIVA
Projetos de Pesquisa
Unidades Organizacionais
Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina - Docente
Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina
LIM/05 - Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica Experimental, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina - Líder
Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina
LIM/05 - Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica Experimental, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina - Líder
8 resultados
Resultados de Busca
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- Telepathology: a new tool for medical education and recruitment and training of pathologists(2016) SALDIVA, Paulo Hilário Nascimento
- Infraestrutura verde para monitorar e minimizar os impactos da poluição atmosférica(2021) MARTINS, Ana Paula Garcia; RIBEIRO, Andreza Portella; FERREIRA, Maurício Lamano; MARTINS, Marco Antonio Garcia; NEGRI, Elnara M.; SCAPIN, Marcos Antônio; OLIVEIRA, Anderson De; SAIKI, Mitiko; SALDIVA, Paulo Hilário Nascimento; LAFORTEZZA, RaffaleABSTRACT Particulate Matter (PM) ranks among the main air contaminants. A Green Infrastructure (GI) has been recognized as an alternative to improve air quality. Trees can directly affect PM levels by trapping it on their surface. This study aimes to provide extra information on the feasibility of using green vegetation to trap pollution and also to identify the main sources of air pollutants in urban areas. Tree bark samples from urban parks in São Paulo, Brazil, were used as biological monitors of air pollutants. The trapping of pollutants and an exponential decay of their concentrations were observed towards the more inner sites of the parks. Furthermore, it was possible to discriminate light-duty from heavy-duty vehicle emissions. The low cost of monitoring and its effectiveness emphasize that a GI has a pivotal position in enhancing health and quality of life and in dealing with the effects of air pollution in medium-size and large cities.
- Análise do monitoramento da qualidade do ar no Brasil(2021) VORMITTAG, Evangelina da Motta P. A. de Araújo; CIRQUEIRA, Samirys Sara Rodrigues; WICHER NETO, Hélio; SALDIVA, Paulo Hilário N.ABSTRACT This article describes the current conditions of the air quality monitoring network in Brazil. The results reveal that only ten states and the Federal District carry out the monitoring through 371 active stations - 80% in the Southeast region. Other relevant information include: (i) 41.2% of the national stations are private - in the state of Rio de Janeiro they represent 60% of the its total of stations, while in the state of São Paulo, 100% of the stations are public; (ii) MP10 is the most monitored pollutant in 62.8% of stations and MP2.5 in only 25.9% of them; and, (iii) the communication of monitoring data in real time to the population occurs in five states. Thirty years after its creation, the National Air Quality Network, is incomplete and insufficiently implemented, preventing adequate air quality management by environmental agencies.
- Immunophenotype of lung granulomas in HIV and non-HIV associated tuberculosis(2014) SILVA, Andreia A.; MAUAD, Thais; SALDIVA, Paulo H.N.; PIRES-NETO, Ruy C.; COLETTA, Ricardo D.; GRANER, Edgard; VARGAS, Pablo A.OBJECTIVE: To describe the immunophenotype of pulmonary TB granulomas from autopsied patients with tuberculosis (TB group) and from HIV patients with tuberculosis (TB/HIV group), and to identify the Mycobacterium species using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. METHODS: Lung samples of 15 TB group patients and 23 TB/HIV group patients were selected. Histopathologic analyses and immunohistochemistry tests were performed to describe the granulomas and to detect the infectious agent (anti-BCG). CD4, CD8, CD20 and CD68 were evaluated to characterize the immnophenotype of the granulomas. Polymerase Chain Reaction was performed to identify the mycobacterium species. RESULTS: CD4 + T lymphocytes were the cells with highest density in the TB group, whereas CD68 cells exhibited the highest density in the TB/HIV group. Comparison between groups showed that the CD4 + T density was significantly higher in the TB patients; whereas, CD68 density was significantly higher in the TB/HIV patients. M. tuberculosis was identified in 8 cases of each group; M. avium was only found in one case of the TB/HIV group. CONCLUSION: With the advent of AIDS, the immunological profile of TB has changed. This may be associated with the depletion of CD4 + T lymphocytes in lung granulomas. M. tuberculosis was the major etiological agent of TB in both groups.
- Como as cidades podem favorecer ou dificultar a promoção da saúde de seus moradores?(2016) FAJERSZTAJN, Laís; VERAS, Mariana; SALDIVA, Paulo Hilário NascimentoLiving near a park can reduce the risk for myocardial infarction, while exposure to outdoor air pollution increases it. There is evidence associating chronic exposure to traffic noise and weight gain. In 2014, more than one thousand people died in the São Paulo's traffic. However, recommending that people stay home with the windows closed is unfeasible. The adoption of healthy habits is aided or hindered by the man-made environment and by how the city is organized. Moreover, some risk factors for disease, such as exposure to air pollution, are beyond individual choices and call for governmental actions. In this paper, we discuss features that may aid or hinder the promotion of health in the city, based on a framework proposed by Rydin et al. (2012).
- How can ecological urbanism promote human health?(2016) FAJERSZTAJN, Laís; ALVES, Nilmara de Oliveira; COELHO, Micheline de Souza Zanotti Staglionario; VERAS, Mariana Matera; SALDIVA, Paulo Hilário NascimentoAbstract This special issue of URBE dedicated to Ecological Urbanism focuses on the role architects, landscape designers and urban planners can play in promoting healthier cities in Latin America. In this paper, we survey some of the empirical evidence that links the built environment with particular health outcomes. For many centuries, urban settlements were associated with adverse health outcomes, especially related to untreatable epidemics. As the science of disease transmission developed throughout the nineteenth century, the infrastructure of cities was transformed to promote improved public health. Significant gains were made, but in much of the world – Latin America included – urban health still remains a major challenge, all the more so as drug resistant strains of disease have become more prevalent. We believe Ecological Urbanism offers a promising framework for addressing these challenges. Distinguished by its integrated, multi-disciplinary foundation, Ecological Urbanism directly links both population and habitat health. This creates a natural opportunity for the design professions to play a more consequential role in shaping the health of urban settlements and, by extension, the regions they center.
- Development and evaluation of physical properties of a low-cost handheld device for airway clearance therapy(2019) SILVA, Cibele Cristine Berto Marques da; COMIN, Alba Rebeca Nery; SALDIVA, Paulo Hilario Nascimento; MARTINS, Milton de Arruda de; CARVALHO, Celso Ricardo Fernandes deABSTRACT Several respiratory diseases are characterized by hypersecretion, requiring airway clearance therapy (ACT). Oral high-frequency oscillation (OHFO) devices are effective to enable daily ACT; however, they are still too expensive to become available for low-income patients. We sought to develop a low-cost device (OHFO-LC) and compare its physical properties with those OHFO commercially available (Shaker and Flutter). The OHFO-LC was developed from polyvinyl chloride material and one stainless steel sphere. Pressures and frequencies were measured at flows of 4, 6, 8, 10 and 15L/min. Pressures at the mouthpieces were measured by a transducer connected to a microcomputer. The oscillation frequencies were obtained from the graph of the pressure. The frequencies and pressures were compared among groups using one-way Anova and Tukey’s post hoc tests, p≤0.05. There were no differences among the frequencies of the three devices in all tested flows. The OHFO-LC device showed a higher positive expiratory pressure compared with the Shaker at all tested flows (4 L/min: 4.7±1.2 vs. 1.0±0.2 cmH2O; 6 L/min: 8.6±1.5 vs. 3.5±0.5 cmH2O; 8 L/min: 10.8±1.6 vs. 5.4±0.2 cmH2O; 10 L/min: 13.5±1.2 vs. 7.7±0.4 cmH2O; 15 L/min: 14.3±1.1 vs. 7.8±0.2 cmH2O; OHFO-LC vs. Shaker; p≤0.05) and at 10 and 15 L/min compared with Flutter (10 L/min: 13.5±1.2 vs. 7.5±1.2 cmH2O; 15 L/min: 14.3±1.1 vs. 8.2±1.2 cmH2O; OHFO-LC vs. Flutter, p≤0.05). The cost of the OHFO-LC device was much lower than both the Shaker and the Flutter. Our results showed that the OHFO-LC had physical properties with similar frequencies but higher pressures than other OHFO devices that are commercially available. Future studies are necessary to evaluate its clinical efficacy.
- Olfactory neuroepithelium in the superior and middle turbinates: which is the optimal biopsy site?(2013) PINNA, Fabio de Rezende; CTENAS, Bruno; WEBER, Raimar; SALDIVA, Paulo Hilario; VOEGELS, Richard LouisINTRODUCTION: Olfactory neuroepithelium (ON) biopsy has several therapeutic applications for both disorders of olfaction and neurodegenerative diseases. Successful collection of ON is still anything but routine due to a dearth of studies on the distribution of ON in the superior and middle turbinates. AIM: To determine the location in which ON is most likely to be present in endoscopically removed cadaver superior and middle turbinates as well as the influences of gender, age, and naris side on the presence of ON and the extent to which it is present. METHODS: We conducted a prospective anatomical study. The superior and middle turbinates on both sides endoscopically removed from 25 fresh cadavers (less than 12 h post-mortem). The turbinates were halved into anterior and posterior segments for a total of 200 specimens, which were analyzed after hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides were subjected to blind examination by 3 independent pathologists, and the presence of ON was graded on a 5-point scale from 0 to 4. Kappa measurement was used to determine the agreement between pairs of observers. RESULTS: ON was present in 82.9% of superior turbinate samples and in 17.1% of middle turbinate samples. Immunohistochemistry detected ON in superior turbinates only by S-100 staining and only in 15 fragments. Gender, age, and naris side had no statistically significant effects on the presence of ON. CONCLUSION: When biopsying ON, the posterior portion of the superior turbinate should be targeted whenever possible because it has the highest concentration of ON among the nasal structures.