OLINDA DO CARMO LUIZ
Projetos de Pesquisa
Unidades Organizacionais
LIM/38 - Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Imunobiologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina
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- Sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with physical activity in Brazilian adolescents(2014) REZENDE, Leandro Fornias Machado de; AZEREDO, Catarina Machado; CANELLA, Daniela Silva; CLARO, Rafael Moreira; CASTRO, Ines Rugani Ribeiro de; LEVY, Renata Bertazzi; LUIZ, Olinda do CarmoBackground: Physical activity in adolescents is associated with short-and long-term health benefits. Physical activity can occur in various domains and is influenced by a complex network of factors. The aims of this study are 1) to describe the physical activity of Brazilian adolescents in physical education classes, during leisure time, and during active commuting and 2) to investigate the socio-demographic and behavioral factors associated with physical activity. Methods: The representative sample included 109,104 Brazilian students in the final year of elementary school from 2,842 schools. The weekly frequency and duration of physical activity were assessed. A variety of socio-demographic and behavioral factors were studied. A multiple Poisson regression analysis was used to test for associations between physical activity and the socio-demographic and behavioral variables. Results: Most of the students (97.0%) engaged in physical activity in at least one of the domains studied, especially physical education at school (81.7%) and leisure time physical activity (67.5%). However, only 29% of the adolescents reached the recommended level of physical activity. Among the adolescents who reached the minimum recommended time for physical activity, the various domains contributed the following proportions to total physical activity: leisure time physical activity (PR 12.5; 95% CI 11.17-13.97), active commuting (PR 1.63; 95% CI 1.59-1.67), and physical education at school (PR 1.36; 95% CI 1.29-1.44). The weekly frequency of all activities was greater among boys than among girls. Moreover, nearly two-thirds (61.8%) of students spent more than two hours per day engaging in sedentary behaviors; the prevalence of sedentary behaviors was similar between boys and girls (59.0 and 64.5%, respectively). Total level of physical activity, leisure time physical activity, and active commuting were associated with higher nutritional scores. Conclusions: Physical activity is important in any health promotion program. Therefore, it is necessary to invest in policies and interagency initiatives that promote all domains and to ensure that the general population helps determine the scope and design of such policies.
- Dietary intake of Brazilian adolescents(2015) AZEREDO, Catarina Machado; REZENDE, Leandro Fornias Machado de; CANELLA, Daniela Silva; CLARO, Rafael Moreira; CASTRO, Ines Rugani Ribeiro de; LUIZ, Olinda do Carmo; LEVY, Renata BertazziObjective: To analyse the dietary intake of Brazilian adolescents and investigate its association with sociodemographic factors as well as health-risk and health-protective behaviours. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: The study was based on data supplied by the National Survey of Schoolchildren's Health (2012) on sociodemographic factors, dietary intake and health-risk and health-protective behaviours of schoolchildren in Brazil. A nutritional scale was elaborated combining markers of healthy and unhealthy diets. Poisson regression analysis was applied to investigate the association between the sociodemographic factors and regular intake (>= 5 times/week) of selected foods; linear regression analysis was applied to investigate the association of sociodemographic and behavioural factors with nutritional scale score. Subjects: A total of 109 104 adolescents attending the ninth year of education at 2842 schools in Brazil. Results: Fewer than 30 % of the adolescents consumed raw or cooked vegetables on a regular basis, whereas more than one-third reported regular intake of sweets, soft drinks and sweet biscuits. Adolescents from the southern area and the oldest ones were those most exposed to inadequate dietary intake. The nutritional scale average score was higher in the students attending public school and exhibited a positive correlation with protective behaviours, such as being physically active, having meals with parents and eating breakfast, and a negative correlation with risk behaviours such as eating while studying or watching television and having smoked, drunk alcohol or used other drugs in the previous 30 d. Conclusions: The results indicate an association between undesirable nutritional habits and other risk behaviours among Brazilian adolescents.
- Risk factors associated with HTLV-1 vertical transmission in Brazil: longer breastfeeding, higher maternal proviral load and previous HTLV-l-infected offspring(2018) PAIVA, Arthur M.; ASSONE, Tatiane; HAZIOT, Michel E. J.; SMID, Jerusa; FONSECA, Luiz Augusto M.; LUIZ, Olinda do Carmo; OLIVEIRA, Augusto Cesar Penalva de; CASSEB, JorgeHTLV-1 is transmitted primarily either through sexual intercourse or from mother to child. The mother/child pairs were classified as seroconcordant or serodiscordant. We analyzed mother to child transmission (MTCT) according to sociodemographic, clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the mother, child's gender and duration of breastfeeding. Between June 2006 and August 2016 we followed 192 mothers with HTLV-1 infection (mean age 41 years old), resulting in 499 exposed offspring, 288 (57.7%) of whom were tested for HTLV-1, making up the final sample for the study, along with their 134 respective mothers. Among the tested mother/child pairs, 41 (14.2%) were HTLV-1 positive, highlighted that seven of 134 family clusters concentrated 48.8% of positive cases. Variables associated with a positive child: breastfeeding duration >= 12 months, maternal PVL >= 100 copies/10(4) PBMC, mother's age at delivery >26 years old, and HTLV-1 in more than one child of the same mother. In a multiple logistic regression, breastfeeding >= 12 months, higher maternal PVL and >= 2 previous HTLV-l-infected children remained independently associated with the outcome. Thus, high maternal PVL and breastfeeding beyond 12 months were independently associated with MTCT of the HTLV-1 infection. Our results reinforce the need for both prenatal HTLV screening in endemic areas and for advising mothers on breastfeeding.
- Hemodialysis and Kidney Transplantation as Predisposing Conditions to Onychomycosis(2017) FILHO, Antonio M. S.; VENTURA, Carlucci G.; CRIADO, Paulo R.; NEGRO, Gilda B. Del; FREITAS, Roseli S.; LUIZ, Olinda C.; GIUDICE, Mauro C.; NETO, Elias D.; BENARD, GilBackground/Aim: Onychomycosis (OM) is one of the commonest superficial fungal infections. Patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) treatment and kidney transplant recipients (KTR) are considered at risk of contracting fungal infections, but the few published data do not reach the conclusion of whether they are predisposed to OM. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and etiology of OM in these patients and to determine the antifungal susceptibility profile of the isolated fungal species. Methods: We recruited 149 HD patients, 187 KTR, and a control group comprising 174 patients attending an internal medicine service with other diseases than renal diseases. All patients underwent an examination of all toenails to check for the presence of OM. Antifungal susceptibility tests were performed following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommendations. Results: The prevalence rates of OM in HD patients (23.4%) and KTR (23.0%) were significantly higher than those in age- and sex-matched control groups (13.2%). In HD patients, OM was associated with diabetes but not with the duration of dialysis. In KTR, OM was more prevalent in those without diabetes and likely also in those using mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine but was not associated with the duration of transplantation. Trichophyton rubrum was the most prevalent species (45.9%) followed by T. mentagrophytes (24.5%) and Candida parapsilosis (18.0%). Fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, and terbinafine were all efficient against the isolates of dermatophyte, with terbinafine showing the lowest and fluconazole the highest minimal inhibitory concentrations. All isolates of C. parapsilosis were sensitive to the antifungals according to the CLSI criteria. Conclusion: We found a high prevalence of OM in HD and KTR patients and suggest that these conditions should be considered a risk factor of OM. All 4 antifungals evaluated in the study showed good in vitro activity against the etiologic agents. (C) 2017 S. Karger AG, Basel
- The Role of School Environment in Physical Activity among Brazilian Adolescents(2015) REZENDE, Leandro Fornias Machado de; AZEREDO, Catarina Machado; SILVA, Kelly Samara; CLARO, Rafael Moreira; FRANCA-JUNIOR, Ivan; PERES, Maria Fernanda Tourinho; LUIZ, Olinda do Carmo; LEVY, Renata Bertazzi; ELUF-NETO, JoseObjective To analyze the association of physical activity facilities and extracurricular sports activities in schools with physical activity among adolescents. Methodology/Principal Findings We used data collected for the National Survey of School Health in 2012. The national representative sample comprised 109,104 Brazilian students from 2,842 schools. We calculated the prevalence of participation in physical education classes, leisure-time physical activity, and total physical activity level. We also evaluated the following physical activity facilities: sports courts, running/athletics tracks, schoolyard with teacher-directed physical activities, swimming pools, locker rooms; and the offer of extracurricular sports activities. Schools with at least one physical activity facility had increased odds of participation in physical education (OR 1.59; 95% CI 1.20 to 2.10). However, in order to increase leisure-time physical activity (OR 1.14; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.26) and total physical activity level (OR 1.15; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.24) at least four and two facilities, respectively, were necessary. Extracurricular sports activities in schools were positively associated with leisure-time physical activity and physical activity level. The number of sports courts and swimming pool in a school were associated with participation in physical education classes. Availability of sports courts, running/athletics tracks, and swimming pool in schools were associated with leisure-time physical activity. Total physical activity was associated with schools with sports courts, schoolyard with teacher-directed physical activities, and swimming pool. Conclusions School-level characteristics have important potential to increase the possibility of engagement in physical activity in and out of school, and therefore have a fundamental role in promoting these practices.