MARIO CESAR SCHEFFER
Projetos de Pesquisa
Unidades Organizacionais
Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina - Docente
LIM/39 - Laboratório de Processamento de Dados Biomédicos, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina - Líder
LIM/39 - Laboratório de Processamento de Dados Biomédicos, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina - Líder
6 resultados
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- Brazilian infectious diseases specialists: who and where are they?(2016) CASSENOTE, Alex Jones Flores; SCHEFFER, Mario Cesar; SEGURADO, Aluisio Augusto CotrimBackground: The infectious diseases specialist is a medical doctor dedicated to the management of infectious diseases in their individual and collective dimensions. Objectives: The aim of this paper was to evaluate the current profile and distribution of infectious diseases specialists in Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using secondary data obtained from institutions that register medical specialists in Brazil. Variables of interest included gender, age, type of medical school (public or private) the specialist graduated from, time since finishing residency training in infectious diseases, and the interval between M.D. graduation and residency completion. Maps are used to study the geographical distribution of infectious diseases specialists. Results: A total of 3229 infectious diseases specialist registries were counted, with 94.3% (3045) of individual counts (heads) represented by primary registries. The mean age was 43.3 years (SD 10.5), and a higher proportion of females was observed (57%; 95% CI 55.3-58.8). Most Brazilian infectious diseases specialists (58.5%) practice in the Southeastern region. However, when distribution rates were calculated, several states exhibited high concentration of infectious diseases specialists, when compared to the national rate (16.06). Interestingly, among specialists working in the Northeastern region, those trained locally had completed their residency programs more recently (8.7 yrs; 95% CI 7.9-9.5) than physicians trained elsewhere in the country (13.6 yrs: 95% CI 11.8-15.5). Conclusion: Our study shows that Brazilian infectious diseases specialists are predominantly young and female doctors. Most have concluded a medical residency training program. The absolute majority practice in the Southeastern region. However, some states from the Northern, Northeastern and Southeastern regions exhibit specialist rates above the national average. In these areas, nonetheless, there is a strong concentration of infectious diseases specialists in state capitals and in metropolitan areas. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda.
- The privatization of medical education in Brazil: trends and challenges(2015) SCHEFFER, Mario C.; POZ, Mario R. DalBackground: Like other countries, Brazil is struggling with issues related to public policies designed to influence the distribution, establishment, supply and education of doctors. While the number of undergraduate medical schools and places available on medical schools has risen, the increase in the number of doctors in Brazil in recent decades has not benefitted the population homogeneously. The government has expanded the medical schools at the country's federal universities, while providing incentives for the creation of new undergraduate courses at private establishments. This article examines the trends and challenges of the privatization of medical education in Brazil. Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study based on secondary data from official government databases on medical schools and courses and institutions offering such courses in Brazil. It takes into account the year when the medical schools received authorization to initiatte the activities, where they are situated, whether they are run by a public or private entity, how many places they offer, how many students they have enrolled, and their performance according to Ministry ofEducation evaluations. Results: Brazil had 241 medical schools in 2014, offering a total of 20,340 places. The private higher education institutions are responsible for most of the enrolment of medical students nationally (54 %), especially in the southeast. However, enrolment in public institutions predominate more in the capitals than in other cities. Overal, the public medical schools performed better than the private schools in the last two National Exam of Students' (ENADE). Conclusion: The privatization of the teaching of medicine at undergraduate level in Brazil represents a great challenge: how to expand the number of places while assuring quality and democratic access to this form of education. Upon seeking to understand the configuration and trends in medical education in Brazil, it is hoped that this analysis may contribute to a broader research agenda in the future.
- Legislative flexibilization for certification of non-profits hospitals in Brazil(2021) ZANATTA, Carolina Lopes; SCHEFFER, Mario CesarFor charitable social assistance entities that provide services to the Brazilian National Health System, the Federal Constitution of 1988 provided for the concession of tax immunity, as long as the requirements established by Law were met. There is a first difficulty in establishing the concepts of philanthropic entity and charitable entity of social assistance, as well as the differences between them. The objective of this paper was to conduct a review and a reflection on the doctrinal difference between the concepts of philanthropy and social charity, discuss the historical process of certification of non-profit hospitals that provide services to the Brazilian National Health System, to obtain tax immunity and identify the consequences of this for social security (pension, health and social assistance). This reflection is of utmost importance, especially in times of scarcity of financial resources, in which there are attempts to weaken the social security system of the country. The Federal Constitution of 1988 adopted the term ""social assistance beneficent entity"" for the concession of tax immunity, a concept that is distinguished from philanthropy because it involves three essential characteristics of social assistance: services of an essential nature, gratuitousness, and generalized access to those in need. This broadening of the concept and the legislative flexibilities that have occurred over the years to allow the concession of the certificates - and, consequently, the obtainment of tax immunity - impairs the collection of resources for social security and can cause disadvantages for the Brazilian National Health System.
- Medical geneticists, genetic diseases and services in Brazil in the age of personalized medicine(2022) BONILLA, Carolina; SORTICA, Vinicius Albuquerque; SCHULER-FACCINI, Lavinia; MATIJASEVICH, Alicia; SCHEFFER, Mario C.Aim: In anticipation of the implementation of personalized medicine in Brazil the authors assessed the characteristics of its medical genetics workforce together with the distribution of genetic diseases and services across the country. Materials & methods: The authors used demographic data on medical specialties, and summarized data from the public and private healthcare systems on live births, hospitalization and mortality, for the years 2019 and 2020. Results: The distribution of medical geneticists (MGs) overlapped the country-wide distribution of genetic diseases and services examined, indicating that similar to 30% of the patient population has access to an MG specialist. Graduate specialism in medical genetics, registered MGs and suitable workplaces were concentrated in the south and southeast regions, leaving the north and northeast deeply underserved. Conclusion: MGs are concentrated in the wealthiest and most populated areas, while other regions have very limited services. These inequalities should be addressed for a successful transition to personalized medicine. Plain language summary Personalized, or precision, medicine promotes the incorporation of information on an individual's genetic profile, and environmental and lifestyle exposures in the clinic to prevent and treat diseases. While personalized medicine is closer to being a reality in industrialized countries, it is unclear whether the conditions for its implementation exist in developing nations. The authors assessed the situation in Brazil, a country with a free-at-point-of-care universal health system, and private health insurance coverage for similar to 30% of its population. The authors found that a majority of medical geneticists and genetic services were based in the south and southeast regions, which are also the wealthiest and most populated, leaving the other regions largely underserved. In addition, the authors identified a need to curb public-private healthcare asymmetries in medical genetics in order to reduce the observed inequalities.
- A feminização da medicina no Brasil(2013) SCHEFFER, Mário César; CASSENOTE, Alex Jones FloresAiming to settle the historical evolution of physicians' distribution in Brazil by gender, an ecological study was conducted by secondary database cross-checking (linkage). For a general characterization of the physicians were considered the 27 Regional Medicine Council, complemented by the National Medical Residency and the Brazilian Medical Association databases. The results show that since 2009, among new registered doctors there are more women than men. Although men still prevail (60.1%) in the active physicians population, in the group aged less than 29 years old, women have become majority. The consistent trend of increased participation of women in the medical profession in Brazil, observed over the past decades and intensified over the past few years, indicates the need to reassess and readjust the proposals for implementation of public policies in the area.
- Internal migration of physicians who graduated in Brazil between 1980 and 2014(2018) SCHEFFER, Mario Cesar; CASSENOTE, Alex Jones Flores; GUILLOUX, Aline Gil Alves; POZ, Mario Roberto DalBackground: The internal migration of physicians from one place to another in the same country can unbalance the supply and distribution of these professionals in national health systems. In addition to economic, social and demographic issues, there are individual and professional factors associated with a physician's decision to migrate. In Brazil, there is an ongoing debate as to whether opening medicine programmes in the interior of the country can induce physicians to stay in these locations. This article examines the migration of physicians in Brazil based on the location of the medical schools from which they graduated. Methods: A cross-sectional design based on secondary data of 275,801 physicians registered in the Regional Councils of Medicine (Conselhos Regionais de Medicina-CRMs) who graduated between 1980 and 2014. The evaluated outcome was migration, which was defined as moving away from the state where they completed the medicine programme to another state where they currently work or live. Results: 57.3% of the physicians in the study migrated. The probability of migration ratio was greater in small grouped municipalities and lower in state capitals. 93.4% of the physicians who trained in schools located in cities with less than 100,000 inhabitants migrated. Fewer women (54.2%) migrated than men (60.0%). More than half of the physicians who graduated between 1980 and 2014 are in federative units different from the unit in which they graduated. Individual factors, such as age, gender, time of graduation and specialty, vary between the physicians who did or did not migrate. Conclusions: The probability of migration ratio was greater in small municipalities of the Southeast region and strong in the states of Tocantins, Acre and Santa Catarina. New studies are recommended to deepen understanding of the factors related to the internal migration and non-migration of physicians to improve human resource for health policies.