MARIA ANGELA BIANCONCINI TRINDADE
Projetos de Pesquisa
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LIM/56 - Laboratório de Investigação em Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina
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- Bacterial, fungal and parasitic co-infections in leprosy: A scoping review(2023) FROES, Luis Alberto Ribeiro; TOMA, Tereza Setsuko; JACHIET, Marie; ROUSSET, Laurie; PODEROSO, Rosana Evangelista; TRINDADE, Maria Angela BianconciniAuthor summaryOur review summarizes the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of non-viral co-infections in leprosy patients, including tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, chromoblastomycosis, and helminths. By conducting a systematic literature search, my colleagues and I identified 89 studies and found a male-dominated pattern of co-infections among working-age individuals with multibacillary leprosy. Our findings suggest that co-infections with tuberculosis and leishmaniasis may reduce the occurrence of leprosy reactions, which is in contrast to prior studies reporting increased reactions in chronic viral co-infections. Additionally, we observed that the occurrence of leprosy reactions varied from 37% to 81% across studies, depending on the type of helminth co-infection, which is higher than the general population. Overall, our study highlights the importance of understanding the potential impact of co-infections on leprosy patients, as it may affect their disease outcomes and treatment. This information is relevant not only to researchers and healthcare providers but also to the general public, as leprosy is still a significant public health problem in many parts of the world. Our review adds to the growing body of knowledge in the field of infectious diseases and underscores the need for further research on this topic. BackgroundIn leprosy patients, the most commonly reported non-viral co-infections are Tuberculosis, Leishmaniasis, Chromoblastomycosis and Helminths. The presence of a secondary infection is believed to increase the likelihood of leprosy reactions. The purpose of this review was to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the most reported bacterial, fungal, and parasitic co-infections in leprosy. Methodology/Principal findingsFollowing the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines, a systematic literature search was conducted by two independent reviewers, resulting in the inclusion of 89 studies. For tuberculosis, a total of 211 cases were identified, with a median age of 36 years and male predominance (82%). Leprosy was the initial infection in 89% of cases, 82% of individuals had multibacillary disease, and 17% developed leprosy reactions. For leishmaniasis, 464 cases were identified, with a median age of 44 years and male predominance (83%). Leprosy was the initial infection in 44% of cases, 76% of individuals presented with multibacillary disease, and 18% developed leprosy reactions. Regarding chromoblastomycosis, we identified 19 cases with a median age of 54 years and male predominance (88%). Leprosy was the primary infection in 66% of cases, 70% of individuals had multibacillary disease, and 35% developed leprosy reactions. Additionally, we found 151 cases of co-infection with leprosy and helminths, with a median age of 43 years and male predominance (68%). Leprosy was the primary infection in 66% of cases, and 76% of individuals presented with multibacillary disease, while the occurrence of leprosy reactions varied from 37% to 81% across studies. ConclusionWe observed a male-dominated pattern of co-infections among working-age individuals with multibacillary leprosy. Unlike prior studies reporting increased leprosy reactions in chronic viral co-infections, our findings did not indicate any increase among bacterial, fungal, or parasitic co-infections. Rather, co-infections with tuberculosis and leishmaniasis appeared to reduce leprosy reactions.
- Mirror peripheral neuropathy and unilateral chronic neuropathic pain: insights from asymmetric neurological patterns in leprosy(2023) RAICHER, Irina; ZANDONAI, Alexandra P.; ANGHINAH, Isadora W.; FRASSETTO, Mariana; STUMP, Patrick R. N. A. G.; TRINDADE, Maria A. B.; HARNIK, Simone; OLIVEIRA, Rodrigo A.; MACARENCO, Ricardo S. S.; DOPPLER, Kathrin; UCEYLER, Nurcan; MELLO, Evandro S.; SOMMER, Claudia; TEIXEIRA, Manoel J.; GALHARDONI, Ricardo; ANDRADE, Daniel C. deLeprosy-related multiple mononeuropathy offers a pattern of impairment where neuropathy with and without neuropathic pain (NeP) are present in the same individual, thus allowing to investigate peripheral sensory and innervation in both conditions. This cross-sectional study collected data on clinical and neurological examination, pain assessment questionnaires, quantitative sensory test, and intraepidermal nerve fiber density of patients with leprosy and divided the cohort into 2 groups: with NeP (P+) and without NeP (P-). Furthermore, we assessed mirror body areas in the same NeP individuals with bilateral neuropathy also presenting unilateral NeP. Pain-free patients having unilateral neuropathy were controls. A total of 37 P+ and 22 P- patients were evaluated. Limb areas with NeP had signs of C-fiber dysfunction and hyperesthesia on quantitative sensory testing compared with limb areas having neuropathy without NeP. Skin denervation was found in all patients with leprosy. Comparisons of limbs with and without neuropathy and with and without NeP revealed that higher heat pain thresholds (HPTs) were associated with neuropathic pain areas, whereas less altered HPT was correlated with higher fiber density. Furthermore, a relationship was found between time of leprosy treatment termination and more intense neuropathy, expressed by HPT increasing 0.03 degrees C each month. As expected, interindividual comparisons failed to show differences in intraepidermal nerve fiber density and subepidermal plexus areas between P+ and P- patients (P = 0.2980, P = 0.9044; respectively). Higher HPT and lower mechanical detection threshold were related to NeP. This study pointed out the relevance of intraindividual comparisons including mirror areas when assessing local changes in peripheral NeP.
- Viral co-infections in leprosy: a scoping review(2023) FROES JR., Luis Alberto Ribeiro; TOMA, Tereza Setsuko; PODEROSO, Rosana Evangelista; TRINDADE, Maria Angela BianconciniContext The most reported viral co-infections in leprosy are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and SARS-CoV-2. In co-infections, the burden of an agent can be increased or decreased by the presence of others. To address this issue, we need to fully understand their prevalence, risk factors, immunology, clinical manifestations, and treatment. The purpose of this scoping review is to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the most reported viral co-infections in leprosy to inform clinicians and guide future research. Methods The authors conducted a literature search of five databases for articles on each of the aforementioned co-infections published prior to October 2022. Two independent reviewers conducted the selection process and identified 53 papers meeting the study inclusion criteria. The data extraction process and evidence synthesis were conducted by one reviewer and double-checked by a second one, consistent with best practice recommendations for scoping reviews. Results For all assessed viruses, most studies reported prevalence rates in leprosy patients higher than the general population. Studies found that HTLV, HBV, and HCV chronic infections were highest in multibacillary leprosy, whereas HIV was mostly found in paucibacillary leprosy, and SARS-Cov-2 affected leprosy subtypes equally. Overall, co-infections were also associated with higher rates of leprosy reactions, except for COVID-19. Forty-six percent of the studies discussed issues related to treatment, which led to favorable outcomes for the most part. Conclusions This review summarizes the existing literature on viral co-infections in leprosy patients, generating valuable insights and recommending areas for future research.