VILMA LEYTON
Projetos de Pesquisa
Unidades Organizacionais
Departamento de MedicinaLegal, Ética Médica e Medicina Social e do Trabalho, Faculdade de Medicina - Docente
LIM/40 - Laboratório de Imunohematologia e Hematologia Forense, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina - Líder
LIM/40 - Laboratório de Imunohematologia e Hematologia Forense, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina - Líder
8 resultados
Resultados de Busca
Agora exibindo 1 - 8 de 8
- Alcohol use by suicide victims in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil, 2011-2015(2018) GONCALVES, Raphael Eduardo Marques; PONCE, Julio de Carvalho; LEYTON, VilmaExcessive alcohol consumption is a serious public health issue, because drunkenness affects critical judgment and self-control which could trigger violent and self-harm behavior, with thus a potential association between alcohol consumption and suicide deaths. The objective of the present study was to assess the association between alcohol consumption and suicide deaths in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil, from 2011 to 2015, and its relationship with socio-demographic characteristics of the victims and the circumstances of the suicide. A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted by collection of data from 1,700 suicide victims subjected to examination of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) from toxicology reports from the Institute of Legal Medicine of the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Alcohol was detected in blood samples of 30.2% of the victims and mean BAC levels were 1.73 +/- 0.08 g/L. The mean age of the victims was 39.90 +/- 0.75 years. The majority of the victims were male (74.6%) and the prevalence of positive BAC was higher amongst men (34.7%) than women (17.1%), p < 0.05. The majority of the victims were white skinned (64.7%), but there was a higher proportion of victims with positive BAC among mulatto and black individuals, p < 0.05. Hanging was the most prevalent suicide method in the sample (48.7%) and amongst men (55.4%), but amongst women it was jumping from a height (35%), p < 0.05.
- Cocaine toxicological findings in cases of violent death in Sao Paulo city - Brazil(2018) PEGO, Ana Miguel Fonseca; OLIVEIRA, Sarah Carobini Werner de Souza Eller Franco de; OLIVEIRA, Tiago Franco de; LEYTON, Vilma; MIZIARA, Ivan; YONAMINE, MauricioViolence is a dreadful phenomenon spread throughout the world, resulting in unfortunate events that can ultimately cause death. It is known that some countries play a much worrying role in this scenario than others. Brazil is one of them. The present work has focused on identifying the use of cocaine in 105 postmortem cases arriving at the Institute of Legal Medicine of Sao Paulo (IML-SP), the largest Brazilian city. Both blood and hair samples have been analyzed through ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) in order to distinguish between recent or chronic cocaine use. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the proportion of cocaine use amongst violent individuals whose violence has ultimately led to their death. In order to do so, two previous methods, validated in-house, based on methanolic extraction for hair and protein precipitation for blood, have been used for this purpose and the final residue was analyzed through UPLC-ESI-MS/MS system. When looking at the demographics from the 105 postmortem cases analyzed, the results have shown the most critical age range to be between 18 and 25 years old and the least frequent between 37 and 45 years old. Gender wise, a rather extreme difference was found as 97 of the individuals were men and finally, considering the manner of death, the four-category criteria established appear to be fairly similar with 34 cases related to general violence and risk behavior, 26 to drug abuse suspicion, 23 to homicide resulting from opposition to police intervention and 22 to possible suicide.
- Determination of cocaine, metabolites and a crack cocaine biomarker in whole blood by liquid-liquid extraction and UHPLC-MS/MS(2018) TAKITANE, Juliana; LEYTON, Vilma; ANDREUCCETTI, Gabriel; GJERDE, Hallvard; VINDENES, Vigdis; BERG, ThomasCocaine is a potent stimulant drug widely abused that exists in two forms: as a hydrochloride salt and as a free base (crack). Cocaine and the inactive metabolite benzoylecgonine can be determined to reveal any kind of cocaine use, whereas the pyrolysis product anhydroecgonine methyl ester (AEME) can be determined to reveal crack smoking. There are many bioanalytical LC-MS/MS methods used for the determination of cocaine, metabolites and AEME. In these methods, chromatographic separation is usually performed by HPLC and sample preparation by solid phase extraction. For the first time, an UHPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of cocaine, benzoylecgonine, cocaethylene and AEME in blood using a sample preparation by liquid-liquid extraction was developed and validated. Extraction recoveries were approximately 80%, 40%, 80% and 80%, respectively, obtained by using a mixture of MTBE/2-propanol (70: 30, v: v). Chromatographic separation was performed on a core shell biphenyl UHPLC column (100 x 2.1 mm ID, 1.7 mm particles). Method validation showed that the method is precise, accurate, robust and sensitive for its purposes. Limit of quantification (LOQ) concentrations were 0.7-1.5 ng/mL. The method was used to determine cocaine, benzoylecgonine, cocaethylene and AEME in 22 blood samples collected from victims of sudden, unexpected or violent death in Sao Paulo (Brazil). Concentrations >= LOQ were observed in 19, 21, 10 and 10 of these samples, respectively.
- PREVALENCE OF BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTORS FOR ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES IN THREE SOUTH AMERICAN CITIES(2018) VECINO-ORTIZ, Andres I.; ALLEN, Katharine A.; CUNTO, Flavio; ANDREUCCETTI, Gabriel; GUZMAN, Luis Angel; NETO, Manoel; LEYTON, Vilma; GUZMAN, Vanessa; SINAGAWA, Daniele M.; CARVALHO, Heraclito; HYDER, Adnan A.
- Factors related to motorcycle accidents with victims: an epidemiological survey(2018) GREVE, Júlia Maria D’Andréa; RESENDE, Marcelo Rosa; CARVALHO, Heráclito Barbosa de; ANDREUCCETTI, Gabriel; BERNINI, Celso O.; LEYTON, VilmaOBJECTIVE: To evaluate the factors associated with traffic motorcycles accidents. METHODS: The sample consisted of 285 motorcycle accident victims in São Paulo. Data were collected from 24-hour emergency service shifts regarding: conditions of the victims, security equipment, road and vehicle conditions. RESULTS: Victims were mostly young men (92%); 23% used the motorcycle for work (average: 8 hours per day); 45% had owned a motorcycle for less than two years; 77% were licensed motorcycle drivers; 33% had less than four years of qualification; 31% had attended a course of defensive driving. Severe lesions were identified in 67% of the unlicensed drivers. Polytrauma occurred in 9% head trauma in 5% of the entire population. Lower limb fractures occurred more frequently than upper limb (17% vs. 12%). Most wore helmets (90%) but only 18% wore helmet, boots and jacket. Positive readings for alcohol (7%) and drugs (14%) occurred in 21% of victims. Most accidents occurred as a consequence of imprudence (88%), during the day (67%), in dry weather conditions (94%). A side impact was registered in 48% of cases; 80% of motorcycles had an engine capacity up to 250 cc. In 51% of the accidents the person responsible for the accident was the driver of the other vehicle in the accident. CONCLUSION: Most accidents involve motorcyclists who are young male adults, use the motorcycle as a means of transport and do not consider safety, defensive driving and the use of alcohol and drugs as important factors.
- HAIR TESTING: AN INEFFECTIVE DUI STRATEGY IN BRAZIL(2018) LEYTON, Vilma; ANDREUCCETTI, Gabriel; MEIRA JUNIOR, Antonio Edson Souza; SANTOS, Marcelo Filonzi Dos; BOMBANA, Henrique Silva; WALLS, H. Chip; GREVE, Julia Maria D'Andrea; CARVALHO, Heraclito Barbosa de; MONTAL, Jose Heverardo da Costa; ADURA, Flavio Emir; YONAMINE, Mauricio
- Alcohol in combination with illicit drugs among fatal injuries in Sao Paulo, Brazil: An epidemiological study on the association between acute substance use and injury(2018) ANDREUCCETTI, G.; CHERPITEL, C. J.; CARVALHO, H. B.; LEYTON, V; MIZIARA, I. D.; MUNOZ, D. R.; REINGOLD, A. L.; LEMOS, N. P.Injury deaths have a major impact on public health systems, particularly in the Latin American region; however, little is known about how different drugs, in combination or not with alcohol, interact with each injury type. We tested an epidemiological protocol for investigating alcohol and other drug acute use among fatally injured victims taking into account the injury context for all injury causes in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Blood alcohol and drug content were fully screened and confirmed following a probability sample selection of decedents (n = 365) during 19 consecutive months (2014-2015). Drug concentrations, including benzodiazepines, cannabis, cocaine, and opioids were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Toxicology data were interpreted in combination with injury context retrieved from police records regarding cause, place of injury, and victims' criminal history. More than half of all fatally injured victims studied were under the influence of at least one substance (55.3%). Alcohol was the leading substance consumed before a fatal injury event (30.1%), followed by cocaine (21.9%) and cannabis (14%). Illicit drug use (cocaine and cannabis) comprised more than two thirds of all drug-related deaths. Alcohol-positive deaths are over-represented among road traffic injuries, while drug-positive deaths are more prevalent among intentional injuries. Victims who had previous criminal convictions were significantly more likely to have used illicit drugs compared to those who did not have a criminal background. We estimated that one in every two fatal injuries in the city of Sao Paulo is associated with acute substance use by the victim. The health burden attributed to alcohol- and drug-related fatal injury events has reached significant higher levels in Latin American cities such as Sao Paulo compared globally.
- PREVALENCE OF BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTORS FOR ROAD TRAFFIC INJURIES IN THE CITY OF SAO PAULO: FINDINGS FROM THE BLOOMBERG INITIATIVE FOR GLOBAL ROAD SAFETY (BIGRS) 2015-2017(2018) ANDREUCCETTI, Gabriel; LEYTON, Vilma; CARVALHO, Heraclito B.; SINAGAWA, Daniele M.; BOMBANA, Henrique S.; PONCE, Julio C.; ALLEN, Katharine A.; VECINO-ORTIZ, Andres I.; HYDER, Adnan A.