TIANA CARLA LOPES MOREIRA
Projetos de Pesquisa
Unidades Organizacionais
LIM/05 - Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica Experimental, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina
6 resultados
Resultados de Busca
Agora exibindo 1 - 6 de 6
- Effectiveness of traffic-related elements in tree bark and pollen abortion rates for assessing air pollution exposure on respiratory mortality rates(2017) CARVALHO-OLIVEIRA, Regiani; AMATO-LOURENCO, Luis F.; MOREIRA, Tiana C. L.; SILVA, Douglas R. Rocha; VIEIRA, Bruna D.; MAUAD, Thais; SAIKI, Mitiko; SALDIVA, Paulo H. NascimentoThe majority of epidemiological studies correlate the cardiorespiratory effects of air pollution exposure by considering the concentrations of pollutants measured from conventional monitoring networks. The conventional air quality monitoring methods are expensive, and their data are insufficient for providing good spatial resolution. We hypothesized that bioassays using plants could effectively determine pollutant gradients, thus helping to assess the risks associated with air pollution exposure. The study regions were determined from different prevalent respiratory death distributions in the Sao Paulo municipality. Samples of tree flower buds were collected from twelve sites in four regional districts. The genotoxic effects caused by air pollution were tested through a pollen abortion bioassay. Elements derived from vehicular traffic that accumulated in tree barks were determined using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF). Mortality data were collected from the mortality information program of Sao Paulo City. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to the concentrations of elements accumulated in tree barks. Pearson correlation and exponential regression were performed considering the elements, pollen abortion rates and mortality data. PCA identified five factors, of which four represented elements related to vehicular traffic. The elements Al, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn showed a strong correlation with mortality rates (R-2>0.87) and pollen abortion rates (R-2>0.82). These results demonstrate that tree barks and pollen abortion rates allow for correlations between vehicular traffic emissions and associated outcomes such as genotoxic effects and mortality data.
- The influence of atmospheric particles on the elemental content of vegetables in urban gardens of Sao Paulo, Brazil(2016) AMATO-LOURENCO, Luis Fernando; MOREIRA, Tiana Carla Lopes; SOUZA, Vanessa Cristina de Oliveira; BARBOSA JR., Fernando; SAIKI, Mitiko; SALDIVA, Paulo Hilario Nascimento; MAUAD, ThaisAlthough urban horticulture provides multiple benefits to society, the extent to which these vegetables are contaminated by the absorption of chemical elements derived from atmospheric deposition is unclear. This study was designed to evaluate the influence of air pollution on leafy vegetables in community gardens of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Vegetable seedlings of Brassica oleracea var. acephala (collard greens) and Spinacia oleracea (spinach) obtained in a non-polluted rural area and growing in vessels containing standard uncontaminated soil were exposed for three consecutive periods of 30, 60 and 90 days in 10 community gardens in Sao Paulo and in one control site. The concentrations of 17 chemical elements (traffic-related elements and those essential to plant biology) were quantified by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Tillandsia usneoides L. specimens were used as air plant biomonitors. The concentrations of As, Cd, Cr and Pb found in vegetables were compared to the recommended values for consumption. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to cluster the elemental concentrations, and Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) were employed to evaluate the association of the factor scores from each PCA component with variables such as local weather, traffic burden and vertical barriers adjacent to the gardens. We found significant differences in the elemental concentrations of the vegetables in the different community gardens. These differences were related to the overall traffic burden, vertical obstacles and local weather. The Pb and Cd concentrations,in both vegetables exceeded the limit values for consumption after 60 days of exposure. A strong correlation was observed between the concentration of traffic-related elements in vegetables and in Tillandsia usneoides L An exposure response was observed between traffic burden and traffic-derived particles absorbed in the vegetables. Traffic-derived air pollution directly influences the absorption of chemical elements in leafy vegetables, and the levels of these elements may exceed the recommended values for consumption.
- Intra-urban biomonitoring: Source apportionment using tree barks to identify air pollution sources(2016) MOREIRA, Tiana Carla Lopes; OLIVEIRA, Regiani Carvalho de; AMATO, Luis Fernando Lourenco; KANG, Choong-Min; SALDIVA, Paulo Hilario Nascimento; SAIKI, MitikoIt is of great interest to evaluate if there is a relationship between possible sources and trace elements using biomonitoring techniques. In this study, tree bark samples of 171 trees were collected using a biomonitoring technique in the inner city of Sao Paulo. The trace elements (Al, Ba, Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, S, Sr and Zn) were determined by the energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to identify the plausible sources associated with tree bark measurements. The greatest source was vehicle-induced non-tailpipe emissions derived mainly from brakes and tires wear-out and road dust resuspension (characterized with Al, Ba, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn), which was explained by 27.1% of the variance, followed by cement (14.8%), sea salt (11.6%) and biomass burning (10%), and fossil fuel combustion (9.8%). We also verified that the elements related to vehicular emission showed different concentrations at different sites of the same street, which might be helpful for a new street classification according to the emission source. The spatial distribution maps of element concentrations were obtained to evaluate the different levels of pollution in streets and avenues. Results indicated that biomonitoring techniques using tree bark can be applied to evaluate dispersion of air pollution and provide reliable data for the further epidemiological studies.
- Metrópoles, cobertura vegetal, áreas verdes e saúde(2016) AMATO-LOURENÇO, Luís Fernando; MOREIRA, Tiana Carla Lopes; ARANTES, Bruna Lara de; SILVA FILHO, Demóstenes Ferreira da; MAUAD, ThaisThe lack of planning in the urbanization process of big cities worldwide has produced numerous negative externalities, including the suppression of vegetation and green spaces. Multiple benefits have been reported on how urban vegetation promotes and influences environmental, social and economic factors, as well as people's health. This paper presents a series of studies focusing on the association between urban vegetation and human health, as well as a brief reflection on the importance of this issue in the city of São Paulo.
- Biomonitoring of genotoxic effects and elemental accumulation derived from air pollution in community urban gardens(2017) AMATO-LOURENCO, Luis Fernando; LOBO, Debora Ja A.; GUIMARAES, Eliane T.; MOREIRA, Tiana Carla Lopes; CARVALHO-OLIVEIRA, Regiani; SAIKI, Mitiko; SALDIVA, Paulo Hilario Nascimento; MAUAD, ThaisUrban gardening is a growing global phenomenon with a positive impact on society. Despite several associated benefits, growing vegetables in urban gardens that are localized in highly polluted areas poses questions about the safety of the produced food. Therefore, the identification of risk factors that result in possible deleterious effects to human health is important for realizing all of the benefits to society. We evaluated the use of two-biomonitoring methods in ten urban gardens of Sao Paulo city and one control site: the micronuclei frequencies for early tetrads of Tradescantia pallida (Rose) Hunt. cv. ""Purpurea"" Boom(hereafter, Trad-MCN) as a short-term indicator of genotoxic response and tree barks to quantify the accumulation of traffic-related chemical elements as a long-term biomarker of air pollution in urban gardens. Mature plants of Tradescantia pallida were exposed in each garden, and their inflorescences were sampled over three months. A random set of 300 early tetrads in 13 to 21 slides per garden were evaluated for micronuclei frequencies. Elemental concentrations in 428 tree barks samples from 107 different trees in the areas surrounding urban gardens were quantified using an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. The frequency of Trad-MCN has a significant correlation with traffic variables and chemical elements related to road dust and tailpipe emissions deposited in tree barks. Negative associations between Trad-MCN and both the distance through traffic and the presence of vertical obstacles were observed in the community gardens. The Mn/Zn concentrations in tree barks were associated with increased Trad-MCN.
- The Use of Tree Barks to Monitor Traffic Related Air Pollution: A Case Study in Sao Paulo-Brazil(2018) MOREIRA, Tiana C. L.; AMATO-LOURENCO, Luis F.; SILVA, Gisela T. da; ANDRE, Carmen D. Saldiva de; ANDRE, Paulo A. de; BARROZO, Ligia V.; SINGER, Julio M.; SALDIVA, Paulo H. N.; SAIKI, Mitiko; LOCOSSELLI, Giuliano M.The analysis of chemical elements in the barks of trees is an alternative procedure to access spatial heterogeneity of traffic related air pollution. However, the role of tree species in the characterization of the variability of airborne pollution is poorly known. We present an observational study conducted in Sao Paulo, Brazil, based on the analysis of 498 trees from three common species: Tipuana tipu, Poincianella pluviosa, and Ligustrum sp.. We considered ANCOVA models to compare the concentrations of Al, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Ba, and Sin the bark (periderm) of trees located close to streets with different levels of traffic intensity controlling for the extension of nearby green areas. The expected trend of increasing elemental concentration in the bark of trees located near streets with greater traffic intensity or close to smaller green areas was only fully evidenced by T. tipu. For instance, the concentrations of Zn, Fe, Al, and Ba increase by 200, 350, 230, and 280% respectively, for trees of this species located near arterial streets when compared to those observed near local streets. On the other hand, the concentrations of Zn, Fe, Al, and Ba are reduced by 41, 45, 50, and 30%, respectively, for trees located near green areas. For P. pluviosa, the capacity to suggest an association between the tree bark concentration of chemical elements with increasing levels of air pollution and presence of green areas was only fully observed for Zn and Cu. For Ligustrum sp., weaker and sometimes non-expected associations between bark concentrations of the chemical elements and either street classification or green area extension were observed. Our results indicate that the choice of species is a key element in the use of tree barks as a biomonitoring tool in urban landscapes. Species like T. tipu, with rough and highly porous bark, are the most appropriate for such purpose.