MARCELO RYNGELBLUM
Projetos de Pesquisa
Unidades Organizacionais
LIM/39 - Laboratório de Processamento de Dados Biomédicos, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina
7 resultados
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- Victims, bullies and bully-victims: prevalence and association with negative health outcomes from a cross-sectional study in Sao Paulo, Brazil(2020) LOCH, Ana Paula; ASTOLFI, Roberta Corradi; LEITE, Maria Alvim; PAPA, Cassio Henrique Gomide; RYNGELBLUM, Marcelo; EISNER, Manuel; PERES, Maria Fernanda TourinhoObjectives To estimate the prevalence of self-reported bullying as victims, bullies or bully-victims among 9th grade adolescents in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil; to investigate association between bullying with negative health outcomes. Methods Cross-sectional data were obtained in 2017 from a sample of Brazilian adolescents (n = 2680) using a structured, self-administered questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate Poisson regression were employed to assess in which extent the experience of bullying in position of victim, bully or bully-victim affects adolescents' health. Results Prevalence of bullying victimization was 18.3%, while victimization/perpetration and perpetration corresponded to 10.42% and 4.9%, respectively. Adolescents who experienced bullying victimization were more likely to present high levels of internalizing symptoms, to report self-harm, to present negative self-rated health and to use tobacco, when compared with those not involved. Bullies were more likely to use alcohol and to binge drinking. bully-victims presented a higher prevalence of all health outcomes, except for tobacco use. Conclusions Our findings highlight the effect of bullying in adolescents' health, regardless of the position. Planned intersectoral efforts between parents, health and education systems to prevent bullying could therefore reduce negative health outcomes during adolescence.
conferenceObject Reclassifying Deaths: Legal Intervention Deaths (Y35-ICD10) in the city of Sao Paulo (2014-2015)(2020) RYNGELBLUM, M.; PERES, M. F. Tourinho- Violence, discrimination, and sexual health practices among adolescent men who have sex with men, transgender women and travestis in three cities in Brazil(2023) RYNGELBLUM, Marcelo; GRANGEIRO, Alexandre; ZUCCHI, Eliana Miura; COUTO, Marcia Thereza; DOURADO, Ines; MAGNO, Laio; TUPINAMBAS, Unai; PERES, Maria Fernanda TourinhoThe HIV epidemic has a disproportionate impact on adolescent and young men who have sex with men (AMSM) and transgender women and travestis (ATGW), with an increased HIV prevalence over the last 10 years. Violence affects the lives of these populations, undermining their ability to self-care and making them more vulnerable to HIV infection. In this study, we aimed to examine the association between different types of victimization by violence and discrimination and sexual health practices of these adolescent populations in steady and casual relationships. We conducted a cross-sectional study using baseline data from the cohort of PrEP1519 project. We used the mean score of sexual health practices as our outcome and the cumulative score of discrimi-nati on (within family, community, education, religious, online and public spaces) and violence (physical, sexual and intimate partner) as our exposure variable. We performed linear regression analyses to estimate the association between exposure and outcome. We found that 90% of AMSM and 95% of ATGW experienced at least one form of violence in the three months prior to this study and about 45% of ATGW suffered sexual violence during the same period. Experiencing discrimination within healthcare settings (from facilities or providers) was negatively associated with sexual health practices. Discrimi-nation and violence negatively affect sexual health practices. HIV prevention and care of AMSM and ATGW people should involve listening to their experi-ences and addressing discrimination and violence in this population.
- Social segregation and lethal police violence in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil (2014-2015)(2021) RYNGELBLUM, Marcelo; PERES, Maria Fernanda TourinhoWe aimed to investigate how lethal police violence (LPV) in the City of Sao Paulo (CSP), Brazil, is associated with socioeconomic development when we consider the victims' place of residence and the locations of the fatal injuries. The spatial distribution of lethal police violence rate (LPVR) and its association with the human development index (HDI) was investigated using the Moran's I (Global and Bivariate Local). Between 2014 and 2015 we found 403 police victims in the Health database and 794 victims in the Security Department. We found a non-random spatial distribution of the LPV considering the victim's place of residence (I=+0.12; p<0.001) and the locations where the fatal injuries were inflicted (I=+0.07; p<0.001). We found a negative association between LPVR and the HDI of the place of residence (I=-0.10; p<0.001) and a positive association between LPVR and the HDI of the locations of the fatal injuries (I=+0.02; p<0.001). The results point to different dynamics of LPV in CSP. High mortality clusters are found in areas with lower HDI, when considering the victim's address, and in areas with higher HDI, when considering the address of the violent events. LPV impacts young blacks, poorly educated residents of outskirts informing us about patterns of social segregation.
- Intersectional insights into racism and health: not just a question of identity(2022) SHANNON, Geordan; MORGAN, Rosemary; ZEINALI, Zahra; BRADY, Leanne; COUTO, Marcia Thereza; DEVAKUMAR, Delon; EDER, Ben; KARADAG, Ozge; MUKHERJEE, Maki; PERES, Maria Fernando Tourinho; RYNGELBLUM, Marcelo; SABHARWAL, Nidhi; SCHONFIELD, Amos; SILWANE, Pamela; SINGH, David; RYNEVELD, Manya Van; VILAKATI, Siyasanga; WATEGO, Chelsea; WHYLE, Eleanor; MURAYA, KuiIntersectionality is a useful tool to address health inequalities, by helping us understand and respond to the individual and group effects of converging systems of power. Intersectionality rejects the notion of inequalities being the result of single, distinct factors, and instead focuses on the relationships between overlapping processes that create inequities. In this Series paper, we use an intersectional approach to highlight the intersections of racism, xenophobia, and discrimination with other systems of oppression, how this affects health, and what can be done about it. We present five case studies from different global locations that outline different dimensions of discrimination based on caste, ethnicity and migration status, Indigeneity, religion, and skin colour. Although experiences are diverse, the case studies show commonalities in how discrimination operates to affect health and wellbeing: how historical factors and coloniality shape contemporary experiences of race and racism; how racism leads to separation and hierarchies across shifting lines of identity and privilege; how racism and discrimination are institutionalised at a systems level and are embedded in laws, regulations, practices, and health systems; how discrimination, minoritisation, and exclusion are racialised processes, influenced by visible factors and tacit knowledge; and how racism is a form of structural violence. These insights allow us to begin to articulate starting points for justice-based action that addresses root causes, engages beyond the health sector, and encourages transnational solidarity.
- Data quality analysis of deaths committed by the police in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil, 2014-2015(2021) RYNGELBLUM, Marcelo; PERES, Maria Fernanda TourinhoDeadly police force is a public health problem. Although the Mortality Information System (SIM) is the most reliable record of deaths from violence, the same is not true for cases of deadly police force, which displays a high degree of underreporting when compared to data from the Sao Paulo Department of Law Enforcement (SSP-SP). The current study aimed to estimate underreporting in the two official data sources (SIM and SSP-SP), identifying the ICD-10 categories used in cases of incorrectly classified deadly police force and mortality rates in the years 2014 and 2015 in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Using linkage of data from the SIM and SSP-SP databases, we describe the use of underlying causes of death in cases of deadly police force, estimating underreporting in the SIM and the SSP-SP with the capture-recapture methodology and mortality rates in the city. Based on the database linkage, most of the deaths from deadly police force were classified incorrectly (53%) as other underlying causes of death in the SIM. Both the SIM and SSP-SP underreported the deaths committed by police officers, with different magnitudes (53.2% in the SIM and 7.9% in the SSP-SP). Reclassification of the deaths via linkage added a gain in the SIM, which now had the same mean mortality rate as the SSP-SP (3.44/100,000), thereby decreasing the underreporting in comparison to the initial scenario. Correct recording of death is the first step to the ensuring the right to justice and truth. Recording with quality means to guarantee the right to information, which is not an end per se, but the start in the task of prevention. Data-sharing and inter-sector work are urgently needed.
- Association between self-control and health risk behaviors: a cross-sectional study with 9th grade adolescents in Sao Paulo(2021) ASTOLFI, Roberta Corradi; LEITE, Maria Alvim; PAPA, Cassio Henrique Gomide; RYNGELBLUM, Marcelo; EISNER, Manuel; PERES, Maria Fernanda TourinhoBackground Self-control (SC) has been consistently found associated with diverse health risk behaviors (HRBs), but little research refers to low- and middle-income countries. Furthermore, there is evidence that some HRBs tend to aggregate, however studies with the specific purpose of addressing the relation between SC and multiple health risk behaviors (MHRBs) are rare. The objective of this study is to analyze these associations and provide evidence to help filling these gaps. Methods A sample of 2106 9th grade students from the city of Sao Paulo responded a self-administered questionnaire in 2017. We tested the association of SC measured as an ordinal variable with four levels (higher, high, medium and low) with six HRBs (binge drinking, marijuana use, smoking, high consumption of ultra-processed food, sedentary behavior and bullying perpetration), in both separated and aggregated forms (MHRBs), controlling for potential confounders. Binary logistic regression was used to test the association between exposure (SC) and single outcomes. In order to analyze the association of SC with MHRBs, multinomial logistic regression was employed. Results SC was associated with five of six HRBs investigated and with MHRBs. The effect size of the association of SC and MHRBs increased in a steep pattern with accumulation of more HRBs. Conclusion Low self-control is associated with most HRBs investigated and the magnitude of the association increases when more than two or three HRBs are accumulated. There seems to be a group of adolescents in a position of pronounced vulnerability for MHRBs. This should be considered when designing public policy and prevention programs. In contexts of limited or scarce resources and public funds, interventions focusing the most vulnerable groups, instead of universal interventions, should be considered.