RAPHAEL LEONARDO CUNHA DE ARAUJO
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- Chemotherapy for Patients with Colorectal Liver Metastases Who Underwent Curative Resection Improves Long-Term Outcomes: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis(2015) ARAUJO, Raphael L. C.; GOENEN, Mithat; HERMAN, PauloHepatic resection is considered the standard of care for patients with resectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM), but the benefits of using systemic chemotherapy for these patients have not been completely proven. Although systemic chemotherapy is likely to improve recurrence-free survival (RFS), no differences in overall survival (OS) have been demonstrated to date. This study aimed to compare surgery plus systemic chemotherapy, regardless timing of administration, with surgery alone, analyzing long-term outcomes for patients with CRLM who underwent liver resection with curative intent. Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published from January 1991 to December 2013 were used to compare surgery alone and surgery plus chemotherapy for patients with CRLM who underwent liver resection with curative intent. All randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included in the study. Selection of high-quality observational comparative studies (OCSs) was based on a validated tool, the Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies. Comparison of RFS and OS was performed using a fixed-effects model and the hazard ratio (HR). Concerning OS, 5 studies (3 RCTs and 2 OCSs) comprising 2,475 patients were analyzed, and chemotherapy (1,024 patients) relatively improved OS rates for 23 % of the patients versus surgery alone (HR, 0.77; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.67-0.88; p < 0.001). Four studies, totaling 1,592 patients, reported RFS (3 using RCTs and 1 using OCSs), showing that chemotherapy (702 patients) relatively improved RFS for 29 % of the patients (HR, 0.71; 95 % CI 0.61-0.83; p < 0.001). This meta-analysis demonstrated that the use of chemotherapy for patients with CRLM who underwent resection with curative intent is a worthwhile strategy for improving both RFS and OS.
- Role of Cytoreduction Surgery With HIPEC in the Management of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis From Colorectal Cancer and Pseudomyxoma Peritonei(2015) ARAUJO, Raphael L. C.; LOPES, Gilberto; AISEN, MarceloFor most cancers, peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) usually is considered a systemic disease and portends a very poor prognosis. However, in colorectal cancer, especially the mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma (MCA) subtype and epithelial appendiceal neoplasms-particularly pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP)-the pattern of PC represents local celomic extension of disease rather than systemic metastasis. Among the treatment options for isolated PC, cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has become the de facto standard of care in many institutions, based on prospective single-center and multicenter studies and randomized clinical data. However, the use of HIPEC seems to benefit only patients who have undergone complete CRS and present with favorable histology (MCA and PMP). Determining the feasibility of complete CRS is the key to adequate patient selection, because peritoneal tumor burden, both before and after CRS, is the main prognostic factor. If complete CRS is achieved, HIPEC may be offered in the effort to improve long-term outcomes.
- CENTRAL HEPATECTOMY FOR BILIARY CYSTADENOMA: PARENCHYMA-SPARING APPROACH FOR BENIGN LESIONS(2016) ARAUJO, Raphael L. C.; CESCONETTO, Danielle; JEISMANN, Vagner Birk; FONSECA, Gilton Marques; COELHO, Fabricio Ferreira; KRUGER, Jaime Arthur Pirola; HERMAN, Paulo
- Does autologous blood transfusion during liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma increase risk of recurrence?(2016) ARAUJO, Raphael L. C.; PANTANALI, Carlos Andres; HADDAD, Luciana; ROCHA FILHO, Joel Avancini; D'ALBUQUERQUE, Luiz Augusto Carneiro; ANDRAUS, WellingtonAIM: To analyze outcomes in patients who underwent liver transplantation (LT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and received autologous intraoperative blood salvage (IBS). METHODS: Consecutive HCC patients who underwent LT were studied retrospectively and analyzed accor-ding to the use of IBS or not. Demographic and sur-gical data were collected from a departmental pro-spective maintained database. Statistical analyses were performed using the Fisher's exact test and the Wilcoxon rank sum test to examine covariate differences between patients who underwent IBS and those who did not. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were developed to evaluate recurrence and death, and survival probabilities were estimated using the Kapla-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test. RESULTS: Between 2002 and 2012, 158 consecutive patients who underwent LT in the same medical center and by the same surgical team were identified. Among these patients, 122 (77.2%) were in the IBS group and 36 (22.8%) in the no-IBS group. The overall survival (OS) and recurrence free survival (RFS) at 5 years were 59.7% and 83.3%, respectively. No differences in OS (P = 0.51) or RFS (P = 0.953) were detected between the IBS and no-IBS groups. On multivariate analysis for OS, degree of tumor differentiation remained as the only independent predictor. Regarding patients who received IBS, no differences were detected in OS or RFS (P = 0.055 and P = 0.512, respectively) according to the volume infused, even when outcomes at 90 d or longer were analyzed separately (P = 0.518 for both outcomes). CONCLUSION: No differences in RFS or OS were detected according to IBS use. Trials addressing this question are justified and should be designed to detect small differences in long-term outcomes.
- Recurrence-free survival as a putative surrogate for overall survival in phase. trials of curative-intent treatment of colorectal liver metastases: Systematic review(2017) ARAUJO, Raphael L. C.; HERMAN, Paulo; RIECHELMANN, Rachel P.AIM To verify whether recurrence-free survival (RFS) surrogates overall survival (OS) in phase. trials for resectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus databases were consulted. Eligible studies were phase. trials testing any type of systemic therapy (neoadjuvant, adjuvant or perioperative) added to surgery in patients with resectable CRLM. A linear regression model based on hazard ratios (HR) of OS and RFS was performed. RESULTS Of 3059 studies, 5 phase. trials (1162 patients) were included for analyses. A linear regression weighted by each trial was used to estimate the association between each HR and RFS. The originated formula was: OS HR = (0.93 x RFS HR) + 0.14; with RFS 95% CI (0.48-1.38), with P = 0.007. CONCLUSION This association suggests that RFS could work as a putative surrogate endpoint of OS in this population, avoiding bigger, longer and more resource-consuming trials. The OS could be assumed based on RFS and our model could be useful to better estimate sample size calculations of phase. trials of CRLM aiming for OS.
- End-to-End Renal Vein Anastomosis to Preserve Renal Venous Drainage Following Inferior Vena Cava Radical Resection due to Leiomyosarcoma(2014) ARAUJO, Raphael L. C.; GAUJOUX, Sebastien; D'ALBUQUERQUE, Luiz Augusto Carneiro; SAUVANET, Alain; BELGHITI, Jacques; ANDRAUS, WellingtonBackground: When retrohepatic inferior vena cava (IVC) resection is required, for example, for IVC leiomyosarcoma, reconstruction is recommended. This is particularly true when the renal vein confluence is resected to preserve venous outflow, including that of the right kidney. Methods: Two patients with retrohepatic IVC leiomyosarcoma involving renal vein confluences underwent hepatectomy with en bloc IVC resection below the renal vein confluence. IVC reconstruction was not performed, but end-to-end renal vein anastomoses were, including a prosthetic graft in 1 case. Results: The postoperative course was uneventful with respect to kidney function, anastomosis patency assessed using Doppler ultrasonography and computerized tomography, and transient lower limb edema. Discussion: End-to-end renal vein anastomosis after a retrohepatic IVC resection including the renal vein confluence should be considered as an alternative option for preserving right kidney drainage through the left renal vein when IVC reconstruction is not possible or should be avoided.
- INFLUÊNCIA DA CAUSA DO CARCINOMA HEPATOCELULAR NA SOBREVIDA DE PACIENTES APÓS RESSECÇÃO(2016) LOPES, Felipe de Lucena Moreira; COELHO, Fabricio Ferreira; KRUGER, Jaime Arthur Pirolla; FONSECA, Gilton Marques; ARAUJO, Raphael Leonardo Cunha de; JEISMANN, Vagner Birk; HERMAN, PauloABSTRACT Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent type of primary liver cancer and its incidence is increasing around the world in the last decades, making it the third cause of death by cancer in the world. Hepatic resection is one of the most effective treatments for HCC with five-year survival rates from 50-70%, especially for patients with a single nodule and preserved liver function. Some studies have shown a worse prognosis for HCC patients whose etiology is viral. That brings us to the question about the existence of a difference between the various causes of HCC and its prognosis. Aim: To compare the prognosis (overall and disease-free survival at five years) of patients undergoing hepatectomy for the treatment of HCC with respect to various causes of liver disease. Method: Was performed a review of medical records of patients undergoing hepatectomy between 2000 and 2014 for the treatment of HCC. They were divided into groups according to the cause of liver disease, followed by overall and disease-free survival analysis for comparison. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the outcomes of the groups of patients divided according to the etiology of HCC. Overall and disease-free survival at five years of the patients in this sample were 49.9% and 40.7%, respectively. Conclusion: From the data of this sample, was verified that there was no prognostic differences among the groups of HCC patients of the various etiologies.
- Laparoscopic liver resection: Experience based guidelines(2016) COELHO, Fabricio Ferreira; KRUGER, Jaime Arthur Pirola; FONSECA, Gilton Marques; ARAUJO, Raphael Leonardo Cunha; JEISMANN, Vagner Birk; PERINI, Marcos Vinicius; LUPINACCI, Renato Micelli; CECCONELLO, Ivan; HERMAN, PauloLaparoscopic liver resection (LLR) has been progressively developed along the past two decades. Despite initial skepticism, improved operative results made laparoscopic approach incorporated to surgical practice and operations increased in frequency and complexity. Evidence supporting LLR comes from case-series, comparative studies and meta-analysis. Despite lack of level 1 evidence, the body of literature is stronger and existing data confirms the safety, feasibility and benefits of laparoscopic approach when compared to open resection. Indications for LLR do not differ from those for open surgery. They include benign and malignant (both primary and metastatic) tumors and living donor liver harvesting. Currently, resection of lesions located on anterolateral segments and left lateral sectionectomy are performed systematically by laparoscopy in hepatobiliary specialized centers. Resection of lesions located on posterosuperior segments (1, 4a, 7, 8) and major liver resections were shown to be feasible but remain technically demanding procedures, which should be reserved to experienced surgeons. Hand-assisted and laparoscopy-assisted procedures appeared to increase the indications of minimally invasive liver surgery and are useful strategies applied to difficult and major resections. LLR proved to be safe for malignant lesions and offers some short-term advantages over open resection. Oncological results including resection margin status and long-term survival were not inferior to open resection. At present, surgical community expects high quality studies to base the already perceived better outcomes achieved by laparoscopy in major centers' practice. Continuous surgical training, as well as new technologies should augment the application of laparoscopic liver surgery. Future applicability of new technologies such as robot assistance and image-guided surgery is still under investigation.
conferenceObject Does Autologous Blood Transfusion during Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Increase Risk of Recurrence?(2014) ARAUJO, Raphael L. C.; ANDRAUS, Wellington; PANTANALI, Carlos Andres; HADDAD, Luciana; ROCHA FILHO, Joel Avancini; D'ALBUQUERQUE, Luiz Augusto Carneiro- Management of variceal hemorrhage: current concepts(2014) COELHO, Fabricio Ferreira; PERINI, Marcos Vinícius; KRUGER, Jaime Arthur Pirola; FONSECA, Gilton Marques; ARAÚJO, Raphael Leonardo Cunha de; MAKDISSI, Fábio Ferrari; LUPINACCI, Renato Micelli; HERMAN, PauloINTRODUCTION: The treatment of portal hypertension is complex and the the best strategy depends on the underlying disease (cirrhosis vs. schistosomiasis), patient's clinical condition and time on it is performed (during an acute episode of variceal bleeding or electively, as pre-primary, primary or secondary prophylaxis). With the advent of new pharmacological options and technical development of endoscopy and interventional radiology treatment of portal hypertension has changed in recent decades. AIM: To review the strategies employed in elective and emergency treatment of variceal bleeding in cirrhotic and schistosomotic patients. METHODS: Survey of publications in PubMed, Embase, Lilacs, SciELO and Cochrane databases through June 2013, using the headings: portal hypertension, esophageal and gastric varices, variceal bleeding, liver cirrhosis, schistosomiasis mansoni, surgical treatment, pharmacological treatment, secondary prophylaxis, primary prophylaxis, pre-primary prophylaxis. CONCLUSION: Pre-primary prophylaxis doesn't have specific treatment strategies; the best recommendation is treatment of the underlying disease. Primary prophylaxis should be performed in cirrhotic patients with beta-blockers or endoscopic variceal ligation. There is controversy regarding the effectiveness of primary prophylaxis in patients with schistosomiasis; when indicated, it is done with beta-blockers or endoscopic therapy in high-risk varices. Treatment of acute variceal bleeding is systematized in the literature, combination of vasoconstrictor drugs and endoscopic therapy, provided significant decline in mortality over the last decades. TIPS and surgical treatment are options as rescue therapy. Secondary prophylaxis plays a fundamental role in the reduction of recurrent bleeding, the best option in cirrhotic patients is the combination of pharmacological therapy with beta-blockers and endoscopic band ligation. TIPS or surgical treatment, are options for controlling rebleeding on failure of secondary prophylaxis. Despite the increasing evidence of the effectiveness of pharmacological and endoscopic treatment in schistosomotic patients, surgical therapy still plays an important role in secondary prophylaxis.