Livros e Capítulos de Livros - LIM/34
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A coleção de Livros e Capítulos de Livros reúne capítulos e resumos de obras produzidas por autores do sistema FMUSP-HC que inclui a Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), o Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP e demais institutos associados.
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- Language disturbances in adulthood: New advances from the neurolinguistics perspective(2011)Language is the most versatile and fascinating of all human cognitive functions, constituting a field of interest in very different areas, from Linguistics to Speech Therapy, from Philosophy to Computational Sciences, including Psychology, Neurology, Biology, and Social Sciences. The current multidisciplinary approach that has been used in the study of Language, with the emergence of related disciplines such as Neurolinguistics, Psycholinguistics, Neuropsychology and Biolinguistics has allowed a breakthrough in our knowledge on linguistic processing and its neuroanatomical bases.. © 2011 Bentham Science Publishers. All rights reserved.
- Normal language: Cognitive and linguistic models(2011) RADANOVIC, M.; MANSUR, L. L.Language is the ""most human"" of all cognitive abilities. Hence, understanding how our brains process language has intrigued neuroscientists since the first description of an aphasic patient by Paul Broca at the end of the eighteenth century. Much of our knowledge about language processing derives from the observation of signs and symptoms caused by brain injury, but normal language is also a topic of investigation among researchers, from Psycholinguistics to Computational Sciences. However, the exact nature of linguistic processing is yet to be fully understood. Oral language comprehension seems to be based on the auditory discrimination of word subunits, which vary depending on the language considered: stress units (English), syllables (French), mora (Japanese), and so on. These subunits must then be grouped and a selection mechanism has to discriminate among similar words to avoid ambiguities. Grammatical rules contribute to organize words (in their morphosyntactic aspects), and, finally, context and prosody give their contribution so that the listener is able to understand the content of discourse, as in a conversation. Language production relies on the phylogenetic development of a specific supra-laryngeal articulation mechanism under neocortical control, and also of a social competence now described as Theory of Mind (ToM). Language production starts with the mental generation of a message to be conveyed; this message has to be translated into grammatically encoded words. Grammatical encoding includes lemma selection, morphosyntactic composition, morphophonological and phonetic encoding, in a complex process at the end of which the message (words) is uttered by the speaker. © 2011 Bentham Science Publishers. All rights reserved.
- Language alterations in subcortical lesions: New concepts(2011) RADANOVIC, M.; MANSUR, L. L.The role of subcortical structures in language processing is a topic of intense debate in the literature. Language alterations resulting from subcortical damage, such as the basal ganglia and thalamus do not produce classical aphasia syndromes as those encountered in cortical lesions. Basal ganglia lesions (caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus) produce a complex and varied symptomatology regarding language manifestations, being the more consistent an alteration in lexical selection processes. More recent theories implicate the striatum in sequential and computational aspects of language processing, combinatorial rule applications and procedural learning (which are related to morphology and syntax), as well as stuttering. Thalamic aphasias present a more homogeneous pattern, where anomia and semantic paraphasias predominate, pointing to the role of the thalamus in mechanisms of cortical engagement and semantic verification. There has been increasing evidence of the participation of the cerebellum in language processing. Among the language deficits found after cerebellar lesions are delay in language acquisition, deficits in speech initiation, and mutism. Other previously reported language alterations include deficits in speech production, such as short responses, difficulties in initiating a conversation, long latencies for answers, and word finding difficulties. © 2011 Bentham Science Publishers. All rights reserved.
- Language alterations in focal lesions: Current concepts in aphasia(2011) RADANOVIC, M.; MANSUR, L. L.Aphasia can be defined as an acquired deficit in language processing due to dysfunction in specific areas of the brain. The classic aphasias (Broca's, Wernicke's and Global) are representative of impairment in the very epicenters of language areas, thus inducing signs and symptoms that affect all levels of linguistic processing: phonological, syntactical, lexical, and semantic. However, there is a group of aphasias in which the lesion site spares the classic language areas, thus inducing more subtle signs and symptoms, and leading to a combination of linguistic symptoms mixed with those arising from other cognitive functions also affected by the same lesion. That is the case with the so called ""transcortical aphasias"" and ""conduction aphasia"". Transcortical aphasias are classified as motor, sensory, and mixed. In transcortical motor aphasia (TCMA), the medial and the dorsolateral frontal lobes are compromised, interrupting the connections between these two systems and language areas; TCMA patients have impairment performance on tasks demanding speech generation (diminished fluency, impairment in narrative, and in the production of grammatically complex sentences), and a reduction in the motivation to engage in communication. In transcortical sensory aphasia (TCSA) there is a disorder in semantic processing, manifesting as comprehension and naming impairment, which indicates a disconnection between posterior language areas and semantic memory. In mixed transcortical aphasia (MTA) there is a combination of signs and symptoms of both TCMA and TCSA in varying degrees. Conduction aphasia, in which the core symptom is repetition deficit, represents a primary failure of the phonological loop. © 2011 Bentham Science Publishers. All rights reserved.
- Interface between language and other cognitive functions(2011) RADANOVIC, M.; MANSUR, L. L.Cognitive functions are intermingled and are known to depend upon each other for optimal efficiency. Linguistic performance depends on a series of cognitive domains known as ""language supportive functions"". Among these are included attention, working memory, executive functions and visuospatial abilities. Attention plays a major role in several steps of linguistic processing, ranging from lexical selection to the comprehension of complex material (such as sentences and texts) and also writing. The phonological loop (the verbal component of working memory), which accounts for the transient manipulation of verbal material, is critical for adequate syntactic comprehension and vocabulary acquisition. Working memory deficits can interfere with the ability to comprehend texts, as well as discourse and conversation. Executive dysfunction interferes with the subject's ability to access semantic and lexical representations. Executive functions are also involved in sentence and discourse production, as they are necessary for planning how to express an idea. Visuospatial perception abilities may interfere with naming tasks, when subjects are unable to name an object because they cannot recognize it. Finally, it has been demonstrated that aphasia itself may hinder the subject's performance in several cognitive tasks, such as color-picture matching, picture ordering, calculation and drawing from memory. Moreover, the interface between language and other cognitive functions becomes evident in neuropsychological testing, as most tests require input and reasoning for verbally presented material (starting with test instructions), and frequently the output must also be verbal (oral or written), even when non-language functions are being tested. © 2011 Bentham Science Publishers. All rights reserved.
bookPart Direção veicular: práticas de autocuidado voltadas a motoristas idosos(2016) ALMEIDA, Maria Helena Morgani de; BATISTA, Marina Picazzio Perez; CAROMANO, Fátima Aparecida; RIBEIRO, Sara SoaresbookPart Prólogo a posteriori(2016) ALGADO, Salvador Simó; CóRDOBA, Alejandro Guajardo; OLIVER, Fátima Corrêa; GALHEIGO, Sandra Maria; GARCíA-RUIZ, SolángelbookPart Terapia ocupacional en la comunidad: desafíos para el acceso a los derechos(2016) OLIVER, Fátima Corrêa; GALHEIGO, Sandra Maria; NICOLAU, Stella Maris; CALDEIRA, Vanessa AndradebookPart Terapia ocupacional en Brasil(2016) GALHEIGO, Sandra Maria; OLIVER, Fátima CorrêabookPart Movement disorders in pediatrics(2017) RODRIGUES, Marcelo Masruha; VOOS, Mariana CallilbookPart Exercícios(2019) CATELAR, Alice Silveira; LIMA, Amanda Cristina Franchi de; HENRIQUE, Anna Luiza Bertin; CARVALHO, Isabela Teixeira Mendes de; SOUZA, Juliana de; VIEIRA, Karina Santos; DIZ, Mariana de Abreu; SOUSA, Nara Taylane Meneses de; HUNGRIA, Renato Tommasiello; FRATUCCI, Samantha Caroline Nahat; OLIVEIRA, Stephanie Aparecida Alves debookPart Estimulação precoce(2019) CARVALHO, Isabela Teixeira Mendes de; DIZ, Mariana de AbreubookPart Determinantes dos distúrbios de voz e a anamnese na clínica vocal(2019) FERREIRA, Léslie Piccolotto; CONSTANTINI, Ana Carolina; NEMR, KatiabookPart Intervenção do terapeuta ocupacional em saúde e trabalho(2021) ALVES, Gisele Beatriz de Oliveira; BARROSO, Bárbara Iansã de Lima; ALONSO, Carolina; RODRIGUES, Daniela da Silva; NOGUEIRA, Lilian de Fatima Zanoni; SOUZA, Marina Batista Chaves Azevedo de; OLIVEIRA, Priscila Viégas Barreto de; LANCMAN, Selma; SILVA, Talita Naiara Rossi dabookPart Avaliação perceptivo-auditiva e acústica da voz(2022) NEMR, Katia; LOPES, Leonardo W.; SIMõES-ZENARI, MarciabookPart Intervenção do terapeuta ocupacional em saúde e trabalho(2021) ALVES, Gisele Beatriz de Oliveira; BARROSO, Bárbara Iansã de Lima; ALONSO, Carolina; RODRIGUES, Daniela da Silva; NOGUEIRA, Lilian de Fatima Zanoni; SOUZA, Marina Batista Chaves Azevedo de; OLIVEIRA, Priscilla Viégas Barreto de; LANCMAN, Selma; SILVA, Talita Naiara Rossi dabookPart A atuação fonoaudiológica em cuidados paliativos - enfoque na comunicação(2022) RODRIGUES, Robson; LEITE, Karoline Kussik de Almeida; STEINER, Giuliana Reckmann; BANDEIRA, Thayna Passarini; ANDRADE, Claudia Regina Furquim debookPart Atuação fonoaudiológica em disfagia em cuidados paliativos(2022) MEDEIROS, Gisele Chagas de; FERRUCCI, Juliana Lopes; JACINTO-SCUDEIRO, Laís Alves; BANDEIRA, Thayna Passarini; SIMõES, Higor; ANDRADE, Claudia Regina Furquim de- Humidification and mucus transport in critical patients: Clinical and therapeutic implications(2012) NAKAGAWA, N. K.; NASCIMENTO, J. A.; NICOLA, M. L.; SALDIVA, P. H. N.An adult man inhales more than 12,000 l of air per day, which may contain particles and microorganisms. The epithelium of the conducting airways, from the nose to the bronchioli, are anatomically and physiologically designed to protect the alveoli by providing clean, warmed and fully saturated air at this level, where an efficient gas exchange must occur, and by providing specific defense mechanisms, such as trapping particles and microorganisms in the mucus and mucociliary transport of these agents in the direction of the oropharynx, where they will be swallowed or expectorated. Mucociliary transport (MCT) is an important respiratory defense mechanism, which efficiency depends on the equilibrium among three major components: ciliary beating, airway surface liquid (the periciliary liquid and mucus), and the interaction between cilia and mucus. In the intensive care unit (ICU) and emergency department, many factors can increase the risks of mucus transport dysfunction. Among them, artificial inspired air conditioning is a basic factor with physiological and clinical impact in critically ill patients. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012.